rust-libp2p/swarm/src/behaviour.rs

// Copyright 2019 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
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use crate::{AddressScore, AddressRecord};
use crate::protocols_handler::{IntoProtocolsHandler, ProtocolsHandler};
use libp2p_core::{ConnectedPoint, Multiaddr, PeerId, connection::{ConnectionId, ListenerId}};
use std::{error, task::Context, task::Poll};

/// A behaviour for the network. Allows customizing the swarm.
///
/// This trait has been designed to be composable. Multiple implementations can be combined into
/// one that handles all the behaviours at once.
///
/// # Deriving `NetworkBehaviour`
///
/// Crate users can implement this trait by using the the `#[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]`
/// proc macro re-exported by the `libp2p` crate. The macro generates a delegating `trait`
/// implementation for the `struct`, which delegates method calls to all trait members.
///
/// By default the derive sets the [`NetworkBehaviour::OutEvent`] as `()` but this can be overridden
/// with `#[behaviour(out_event = "AnotherType")]`.
///
/// Struct members that don't implement [`NetworkBehaviour`] must be annotated with `#[behaviour(ignore)]`.
///
/// By default, events generated by the remaining members are delegated to [`NetworkBehaviourEventProcess`]
/// implementations. Those must be provided by the user on the type that [`NetworkBehaviour`] is
/// derived on.
///
/// Alternatively, users can specify `#[behaviour(event_process = false)]`. In this case, users
/// should provide a custom `out_event` and implement [`From`] for each of the event types generated
/// by the struct members.
/// Not processing events within the derived [`NetworkBehaviour`] will cause them to be emitted as
/// part of polling the swarm in [`SwarmEvent::Behaviour`](crate::SwarmEvent::Behaviour).
///
/// Optionally one can provide a custom `poll` function through the `#[behaviour(poll_method = "poll")]`
/// attribute.
/// This function must have the same signature as the [`NetworkBehaviour#poll`] function and will
/// be called last within the generated [`NetworkBehaviour`] implementation.
pub trait NetworkBehaviour: Send + 'static {
    /// Handler for all the protocols the network behaviour supports.
    type ProtocolsHandler: IntoProtocolsHandler;

    /// Event generated by the `NetworkBehaviour` and that the swarm will report back.
    type OutEvent: Send + 'static;

    /// Creates a new `ProtocolsHandler` for a connection with a peer.
    ///
    /// Every time an incoming connection is opened, and every time we start dialing a node, this
    /// method is called.
    ///
    /// The returned object is a handler for that specific connection, and will be moved to a
    /// background task dedicated to that connection.
    ///
    /// The network behaviour (ie. the implementation of this trait) and the handlers it has
    /// spawned (ie. the objects returned by `new_handler`) can communicate by passing messages.
    /// Messages sent from the handler to the behaviour are injected with `inject_event`, and
    /// the behaviour can send a message to the handler by making `poll` return `SendEvent`.
    fn new_handler(&mut self) -> Self::ProtocolsHandler;

    /// Addresses that this behaviour is aware of for this specific peer, and that may allow
    /// reaching the peer.
    ///
    /// The addresses will be tried in the order returned by this function, which means that they
    /// should be ordered by decreasing likelihood of reachability. In other words, the first
    /// address should be the most likely to be reachable.
    fn addresses_of_peer(&mut self, peer_id: &PeerId) -> Vec<Multiaddr>;

    /// Indicates the behaviour that we connected to the node with the given peer id.
    ///
    /// This node now has a handler (as spawned by `new_handler`) running in the background.
    ///
    /// This method is only called when the connection to the peer is
    /// established, preceded by `inject_connection_established`.
    fn inject_connected(&mut self, peer_id: &PeerId);

    /// Indicates the behaviour that we disconnected from the node with the given peer id.
    ///
    /// There is no handler running anymore for this node. Any event that has been sent to it may
    /// or may not have been processed by the handler.
    ///
    /// This method is only called when the last established connection to the peer
    /// is closed, preceded by `inject_connection_closed`.
    fn inject_disconnected(&mut self, peer_id: &PeerId);

    /// Informs the behaviour about a newly established connection to a peer.
    fn inject_connection_established(&mut self, _: &PeerId, _: &ConnectionId, _: &ConnectedPoint)
    {}

    /// Informs the behaviour about a closed connection to a peer.
    ///
    /// A call to this method is always paired with an earlier call to
    /// `inject_connection_established` with the same peer ID, connection ID and
    /// endpoint.
    fn inject_connection_closed(&mut self, _: &PeerId, _: &ConnectionId, _: &ConnectedPoint)
    {}

    /// Informs the behaviour that the [`ConnectedPoint`] of an existing connection has changed.
    fn inject_address_change(
        &mut self,
        _: &PeerId,
        _: &ConnectionId,
        _old: &ConnectedPoint,
        _new: &ConnectedPoint
    ) {}

    /// Informs the behaviour about an event generated by the handler dedicated to the peer identified by `peer_id`.
    /// for the behaviour.
    ///
    /// The `peer_id` is guaranteed to be in a connected state. In other words, `inject_connected`
    /// has previously been called with this `PeerId`.
    fn inject_event(
        &mut self,
        peer_id: PeerId,
        connection: ConnectionId,
        event: <<Self::ProtocolsHandler as IntoProtocolsHandler>::Handler as ProtocolsHandler>::OutEvent
    );

    /// Indicates to the behaviour that we tried to reach an address, but failed.
    ///
    /// If we were trying to reach a specific node, its ID is passed as parameter. If this is the
    /// last address to attempt for the given node, then `inject_dial_failure` is called afterwards.
    fn inject_addr_reach_failure(&mut self, _peer_id: Option<&PeerId>, _addr: &Multiaddr, _error: &dyn error::Error) {
    }

    /// Indicates to the behaviour that we tried to dial all the addresses known for a node, but
    /// failed.
    ///
    /// The `peer_id` is guaranteed to be in a disconnected state. In other words,
    /// `inject_connected` has not been called, or `inject_disconnected` has been called since then.
    fn inject_dial_failure(&mut self, _peer_id: &PeerId) {
    }

    /// Indicates to the behaviour that we have started listening on a new multiaddr.
    fn inject_new_listen_addr(&mut self, _addr: &Multiaddr) {
    }

    /// Indicates to the behaviour that a new multiaddr we were listening on has expired,
    /// which means that we are no longer listening in it.
    fn inject_expired_listen_addr(&mut self, _addr: &Multiaddr) {
    }

    /// Indicates to the behaviour that we have discovered a new external address for us.
    fn inject_new_external_addr(&mut self, _addr: &Multiaddr) {
    }

    /// A listener experienced an error.
    fn inject_listener_error(&mut self, _id: ListenerId, _err: &(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)) {
    }

    /// A listener closed.
    fn inject_listener_closed(&mut self, _id: ListenerId, _reason: Result<(), &std::io::Error>) {
    }

    /// Polls for things that swarm should do.
    ///
    /// This API mimics the API of the `Stream` trait. The method may register the current task in
    /// order to wake it up at a later point in time.
    fn poll(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, params: &mut impl PollParameters)
        -> Poll<NetworkBehaviourAction<<<Self::ProtocolsHandler as IntoProtocolsHandler>::Handler as ProtocolsHandler>::InEvent, Self::OutEvent>>;
}

/// Parameters passed to `poll()`, that the `NetworkBehaviour` has access to.
pub trait PollParameters {
    /// Iterator returned by [`supported_protocols`](PollParameters::supported_protocols).
    type SupportedProtocolsIter: ExactSizeIterator<Item = Vec<u8>>;
    /// Iterator returned by [`listened_addresses`](PollParameters::listened_addresses).
    type ListenedAddressesIter: ExactSizeIterator<Item = Multiaddr>;
    /// Iterator returned by [`external_addresses`](PollParameters::external_addresses).
    type ExternalAddressesIter: ExactSizeIterator<Item = AddressRecord>;

    /// Returns the list of protocol the behaviour supports when a remote negotiates a protocol on
    /// an inbound substream.
    ///
    /// The iterator's elements are the ASCII names as reported on the wire.
    ///
    /// Note that the list is computed once at initialization and never refreshed.
    fn supported_protocols(&self) -> Self::SupportedProtocolsIter;

    /// Returns the list of the addresses we're listening on.
    fn listened_addresses(&self) -> Self::ListenedAddressesIter;

    /// Returns the list of the addresses nodes can use to reach us.
    fn external_addresses(&self) -> Self::ExternalAddressesIter;

    /// Returns the peer id of the local node.
    fn local_peer_id(&self) -> &PeerId;
}

/// When deriving [`NetworkBehaviour`] this trait must by default be implemented for all the
/// possible event types generated by the inner behaviours.
///
/// You can opt out of this behaviour through `#[behaviour(event_process = false)]`. See the
/// documentation of [`NetworkBehaviour`] for details.
pub trait NetworkBehaviourEventProcess<TEvent> {
    /// Called when one of the fields of the type you're deriving `NetworkBehaviour` on generates
    /// an event.
    fn inject_event(&mut self, event: TEvent);
}

/// An action that a [`NetworkBehaviour`] can trigger in the [`Swarm`]
/// in whose context it is executing.
///
/// [`Swarm`]: super::Swarm
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum NetworkBehaviourAction<TInEvent, TOutEvent> {
    /// Instructs the `Swarm` to return an event when it is being polled.
    GenerateEvent(TOutEvent),

    /// Instructs the swarm to dial the given multiaddress, with no knowledge of the `PeerId` that
    /// may be reached.
    DialAddress {
        /// The address to dial.
        address: Multiaddr,
    },

    /// Instructs the swarm to dial a known `PeerId`.
    ///
    /// The `addresses_of_peer` method is called to determine which addresses to attempt to reach.
    ///
    /// If we were already trying to dial this node, the addresses that are not yet in the queue of
    /// addresses to try are added back to this queue.
    ///
    /// On success, [`NetworkBehaviour::inject_connected`] is invoked.
    /// On failure, [`NetworkBehaviour::inject_dial_failure`] is invoked.
    DialPeer {
        /// The peer to try reach.
        peer_id: PeerId,
        /// The condition for initiating a new dialing attempt.
        condition: DialPeerCondition,
    },

    /// Instructs the `Swarm` to send an event to the handler dedicated to a
    /// connection with a peer.
    ///
    /// If the `Swarm` is connected to the peer, the message is delivered to the
    /// `ProtocolsHandler` instance identified by the peer ID and connection ID.
    ///
    /// If the specified connection no longer exists, the event is silently dropped.
    ///
    /// Typically the connection ID given is the same as the one passed to
    /// [`NetworkBehaviour::inject_event`], i.e. whenever the behaviour wishes to
    /// respond to a request on the same connection (and possibly the same
    /// substream, as per the implementation of `ProtocolsHandler`).
    ///
    /// Note that even if the peer is currently connected, connections can get closed
    /// at any time and thus the event may not reach a handler.
    NotifyHandler {
        /// The peer for whom a `ProtocolsHandler` should be notified.
        peer_id: PeerId,
        /// The ID of the connection whose `ProtocolsHandler` to notify.
        handler: NotifyHandler,
        /// The event to send.
        event: TInEvent,
    },

    /// Informs the `Swarm` about an address observed by a remote for
    /// the local node by which the local node is supposedly publicly
    /// reachable.
    ///
    /// It is advisable to issue `ReportObservedAddr` actions at a fixed frequency
    /// per node. This way address information will be more accurate over time
    /// and individual outliers carry less weight.
    ReportObservedAddr {
        /// The observed address of the local node.
        address: Multiaddr,
        /// The score to associate with this observation, i.e.
        /// an indicator for the trusworthiness of this address
        /// relative to other observed addresses.
        score: AddressScore,
    },
}

impl<TInEvent, TOutEvent> NetworkBehaviourAction<TInEvent, TOutEvent> {
    /// Map the handler event.
    pub fn map_in<E>(self, f: impl FnOnce(TInEvent) -> E) -> NetworkBehaviourAction<E, TOutEvent> {
        match self {
            NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(e) =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(e),
            NetworkBehaviourAction::DialAddress { address } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::DialAddress { address },
            NetworkBehaviourAction::DialPeer { peer_id, condition } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::DialPeer { peer_id, condition },
            NetworkBehaviourAction::NotifyHandler { peer_id, handler, event } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::NotifyHandler {
                    peer_id,
                    handler,
                    event: f(event)
                },
            NetworkBehaviourAction::ReportObservedAddr { address, score } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::ReportObservedAddr { address, score }
        }
    }

    /// Map the event the swarm will return.
    pub fn map_out<E>(self, f: impl FnOnce(TOutEvent) -> E) -> NetworkBehaviourAction<TInEvent, E> {
        match self {
            NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(e) =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::GenerateEvent(f(e)),
            NetworkBehaviourAction::DialAddress { address } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::DialAddress { address },
            NetworkBehaviourAction::DialPeer { peer_id, condition } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::DialPeer { peer_id, condition },
            NetworkBehaviourAction::NotifyHandler { peer_id, handler, event } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::NotifyHandler { peer_id, handler, event },
            NetworkBehaviourAction::ReportObservedAddr { address, score } =>
                NetworkBehaviourAction::ReportObservedAddr { address, score }
        }
    }
}

/// The options w.r.t. which connection handlers to notify of an event.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum NotifyHandler {
    /// Notify a particular connection handler.
    One(ConnectionId),
    /// Notify an arbitrary connection handler.
    Any,
    /// Notify all connection handlers.
    All
}

/// The available conditions under which a new dialing attempt to
/// a peer is initiated when requested by [`NetworkBehaviourAction::DialPeer`].
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum DialPeerCondition {
    /// A new dialing attempt is initiated _only if_ the peer is currently
    /// considered disconnected, i.e. there is no established connection
    /// and no ongoing dialing attempt.
    ///
    /// If there is an ongoing dialing attempt, the addresses reported by
    /// [`NetworkBehaviour::addresses_of_peer`] are added to the ongoing
    /// dialing attempt, ignoring duplicates.
    Disconnected,
    /// A new dialing attempt is initiated _only if_ there is currently
    /// no ongoing dialing attempt, i.e. the peer is either considered
    /// disconnected or connected but without an ongoing dialing attempt.
    ///
    /// If there is an ongoing dialing attempt, the addresses reported by
    /// [`NetworkBehaviour::addresses_of_peer`] are added to the ongoing
    /// dialing attempt, ignoring duplicates.
    NotDialing,
    /// A new dialing attempt is always initiated, only subject to the
    /// configured connection limits.
    Always,
}

impl Default for DialPeerCondition {
    fn default() -> Self {
        DialPeerCondition::Disconnected
    }
}