Progress and a tiny WASM binary parser

2025-06-09 21:11:27 +00:00 · 2018-04-03 23:56:48 +02:00 · 2018-04-03 23:56:48 +02:00 · 5823e35f37
commit 5823e35f37
parent 06198a3723
58 changed files with 12075 additions and 3964 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ A few early examples to get an idea:
 * **[PSON decoder](./examples/pson)**<br />
  A simple decoder for the PSON binary format.

+* **[WASM parser](./lib/parse)**<br />
+  A WebAssembly binary parser in WebAssembly.
+
 Or browse the [compiler tests](./tests/compiler) for a more in-depth overview of what's supported already. One of them is a [showcase](./tests/compiler/showcase.ts).

 Installation
--- a/bin/asc.js
+++ b/bin/asc.js
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ exports.compileString = (source, extraArgs={}) => new Promise((resolve, reject)
    const libDir = path.join(__dirname, "../std", "assembly");
    const libFiles = require("glob").sync("**/*.ts", { cwd: libDir });
    libFiles.forEach(file =>
-      exports.libraryFiles["~lib/" + file.replace(/\.ts$/, "")] = readFileNode(path.join(libDir, file), { encoding: "utf8" })
+      exports.libraryFiles[file.replace(/\.ts$/, "")] = readFileNode(path.join(libDir, file), { encoding: "utf8" })
    );
  }

@ -249,54 +249,71 @@ exports.main = function main(argv, options, callback) {

      // Load library file if explicitly requested
      if (sourcePath.startsWith(exports.libraryPrefix)) {
-        for (let i = 0, k = libDirs.length; i < k; ++i) {
-          if (exports.libraryFiles.hasOwnProperty(sourcePath)) {
-            sourceText = exports.libraryFiles[sourcePath];
-            sourcePath += ".ts";
-          } else {
-            sourceText = readFile(path.join(
-              libDirs[i],
-              sourcePath.substring(exports.libraryPrefix.length) + ".ts")
-            );
+        const plainName = sourcePath.substring(exports.libraryPrefix.length);
+        const indexName = sourcePath.substring(exports.libraryPrefix.length) + "/index";
+        if (exports.libraryFiles.hasOwnProperty(plainName)) {
+          sourceText = exports.libraryFiles[plainName];
+          sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + plainName + ".ts";
+        } else if (exports.libraryFiles.hasOwnProperty(indexName)) {
+          sourceText = exports.libraryFiles[indexName];
+          sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + indexName + ".ts";
+        } else {
+          for (let i = 0, k = libDirs.length; i < k; ++i) {
+            const dir = libDirs[i];
+            sourceText = readFile(path.join(dir, plainName + ".ts"));
            if (sourceText !== null) {
-              sourcePath += ".ts";
+              sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + plainName + ".ts";
              break;
+            } else {
+              sourceText = readFile(path.join(dir, indexName + ".ts"));
+              if (sourceText !== null) {
+                sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + indexName + ".ts";
+                break;
+              }
            }
          }
        }

-      // Otherwise try nextFile.ts, nextFile/index.ts, ~lib/nextFile.ts
+      // Otherwise try nextFile.ts, nextFile/index.ts, ~lib/nextFile.ts, ~lib/nextFile/index.ts
      } else {
-        sourceText = readFile(path.join(baseDir, sourcePath + ".ts"));
+        const plainName = sourcePath;
+        const indexName = sourcePath + "/index";
+        sourceText = readFile(path.join(baseDir, plainName + ".ts"));
        if (sourceText !== null) {
-          sourcePath += ".ts";
+          sourcePath = plainName + ".ts";
        } else {
-          sourceText = readFile(path.join(baseDir, sourcePath, "index.ts"));
+          sourceText = readFile(path.join(baseDir, indexName + ".ts"));
          if (sourceText !== null) {
-            sourcePath += "/index.ts";
-          } else {
-            const key = exports.libraryPrefix + sourcePath;
-            if (exports.libraryFiles.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
-              sourceText = exports.libraryFiles[key];
-              sourcePath = key + ".ts";
+            sourcePath = indexName + ".ts";
+          } else if (!plainName.startsWith(".")) {
+            if (exports.libraryFiles.hasOwnProperty(plainName)) {
+              sourceText = exports.libraryFiles[plainName];
+              sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + plainName + ".ts";
+            } else if (exports.libraryFiles.hasOwnProperty(indexName)) {
+              sourceText = exports.libraryFiles[indexName];
+              sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + indexName + ".ts";
            } else {
              for (let i = 0, k = libDirs.length; i < k; ++i) {
                const dir = libDirs[i];
-                sourceText = readFile(path.join(dir, sourcePath + ".ts"));
+                sourceText = readFile(path.join(dir, plainName + ".ts"));
                if (sourceText !== null) {
-                  sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + sourcePath + ".ts";
+                  sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + plainName + ".ts";
                  break;
+                } else {
+                  sourceText = readFile(path.join(dir, indexName + ".ts"));
+                  if (sourceText !== null) {
+                    sourcePath = exports.libraryPrefix + indexName + ".ts";
+                    break;
+                  }
                }
              }
-              if (sourceText === null) {
-                return callback(
-                  Error("Import file '" + sourcePath + ".ts' not found.")
-                );
-              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
+      if (sourceText == null) {
+        return callback(Error("Import file '" + plainName + ".ts' not found."));
+      }
      stats.parseCount++;
      stats.parseTime += measure(() => {
        assemblyscript.parseFile(sourceText, sourcePath, false, parser);
--- a/dist/asc.js
+++ b/dist/asc.js
--- a/dist/asc.js.map
+++ b/dist/asc.js.map
--- a/dist/assemblyscript.js
+++ b/dist/assemblyscript.js
--- a/dist/assemblyscript.js.map
+++ b/dist/assemblyscript.js.map
--- a/lib/lint/base.json
+++ b/lib/lint/base.json
@ -12,10 +12,6 @@
        ["boolean", "Use `bool` instead."]
      ]
    },
-    "object-literal-shorthand": {
-      "severity": "error",
-      "options": ["never"]
-    },
    "restrict-plus-operands": {
      "severity": "error"
    },
--- a/lib/parse/README.md
+++ b/lib/parse/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# ![AS](https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/28916798?s=48) parse
+
+A WebAssembly binary parser in WebAssembly.
+
+API
+---
+
+* **parse**(binary: `Uint8Array`, options?: `ParseOptions`): `void`<br />
+  Parses the contents of a WebAssembly binary according to the specified options.
+
+* **ParseOptions**<br />
+  Options specified to the parser. The `onSection` callback determines the sections being evaluated in detail.
+
+  * **onSection**?(id: `SectionId`, payloadOff: `number`, payloadLen: `number`, nameOff: `number`, nameLen: `number`): `boolean`<br />
+    Called with each section in the binary. Returning `true` evaluates the section.
+
+  * **onType**?(index: `number`, form: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each function type if the type section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onTypeParam**?(index: `number`, paramIndex: `number`, paramType: `Type`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each function parameter if the type section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onTypeReturn**?(index: `number`, returnIndex: `number`, returnType: `Type`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each function return type if the type section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onImport**?(index: `number`, kind: `ExternalKind`, moduleOff: `number`, moduleLen: `number`, fieldOff: `number`, fieldLen: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each import if the import section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onFunctionImport**?(index: `number`, type: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each function import if the import section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onTableImport**?(index: `number`, type: `Type`, initial: `number`, maximum: `number`, flags: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each table import if the import section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onMemoryImport**?(index: `number`, initial: `number`, maximum: `number`, flags: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each memory import if the import section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onGlobalImport**?(index: `number`, type: `Type`, mutability: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each global import if the import section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onMemory**?(index: `number`, initial: `number`, maximum: `number`, flags: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each memory if the memory section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onFunction**?(index: `number`, typeIndex: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each function if the function section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onGlobal**?(index: `number`, type: `Type`, mutability: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each global if the global section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onStart**?(index: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with the start function index if the start section is evaluated.
+
+  * **onExport**?(index: `number`, kind: `ExternalKind`, kindIndex: `number`, nameOff: `number`, nameLen: `number`): `void`<br />
+    Called with each export if the export section is evaluated.
+
+* **Type**<br />
+  A value or element type, depending on context.
+
+  | Name    | Value
+  |---------|-------
+  | i32     | 0x7f
+  | i64     | 0x7e
+  | f32     | 0x7d
+  | f64     | 0x7c
+  | anyfunc | 0x70
+  | func    | 0x60
+  | none    | 0x40
+
+* **SectionId**<br />
+  Numerical id of the current section.
+
+  | Name     | Value
+  |----------|-------
+  | Custom   | 0
+  | Type     | 1
+  | Import   | 2
+  | Function | 3
+  | Table    | 4
+  | Memory   | 5
+  | Global   | 6
+  | Export   | 7
+  | Start    | 8
+  | Element  | 9
+  | Code     | 10
+  | Data     | 11
+
+* **ExternalKind**<br />
+  Kind of an export or import.
+
+  | Name     | Value
+  |----------|-------
+  | Function | 0
+  | Table    | 1
+  | Memory   | 2
+  | Global   | 3
--- a/lib/parse/assembly/index.ts
+++ b/lib/parse/assembly/index.ts
@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+/** A WebAssembly module that parses WebAssembly modules. */
+
+// Common constants shared between AssemblyScript and TypeScript
+import {
+  Type,
+  SectionId,
+  ExternalKind,
+  MAX_PAGES,
+  MAX_TABLES,
+  Opcode
+} from "../src/common";
+
+/** Current offset in memory. */
+var off: usize = 0;
+
+/** Reads an unsigned integer from memory. */
+function readUint<T>(): u32 {
+  var pos = off;
+  var val = <u32>load<T>(pos);
+  off = pos + sizeof<T>();
+  return val;
+}
+
+/** Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer from memory. */
+function readUint64(): u64 {
+  var pos = off;
+  var val = load<u64>(pos);
+  off = pos + 8;
+  return val;
+}
+
+/** Reads a LEB128-encoded unsigned integer from memory. */
+function readVaruint(size: u32): u32 {
+  var val: u32 = 0;
+  var shl: u32 = 0;
+  var byt: u32;
+  var pos = off;
+  do {
+    byt = load<u8>(pos++);
+    val |= (byt & 0x7F) << shl;
+    if (!(byt & 0x80)) break;
+    shl += 7;
+  } while (true);
+  off = pos;
+  return val;
+}
+
+/** Reads a LEB128-encoded signed integer from memory. */
+function readVarint(size: u32): i32 {
+  var val: u32 = 0;
+  var shl: u32 = 0;
+  var byt: u32;
+  var pos = off;
+  do {
+    byt = load<u8>(pos++);
+    val |= (byt & 0x7F) << shl;
+    shl += 7;
+  } while (byt & 0x80);
+  off = pos;
+  return select<u32>(val | (~0 << shl), val, shl < size && (byt & 0x40) != 0);
+}
+
+/** Reads a LEB128-encoded signed 64-bit integer from memory. */
+function readVarint64(): i64 {
+  var val: u64 = 0;
+  var shl: u64 = 0;
+  var byt: u64;
+  var pos = off;
+  do {
+    byt = load<u8>(pos++);
+    val |= (byt & 0x7F) << shl;
+    shl += 7;
+  } while (byt & 0x80);
+  off = pos;
+  return select<u64>(val | (~0 << shl), val, shl < 64 && (byt & 0x40) != 0);
+}
+
+// Imported callbacks
+declare function onSection(id: u32, offset: u32, length: u32, nameOffset: u32, nameLength: u32): bool;
+declare function onType(index: u32, form: u32): void;
+declare function onTypeParam(index: u32, paramIndex: u32, paramType: u32): void;
+declare function onTypeReturn(index: u32, returnIndex: u32, returnType: u32): void;
+declare function onImport(index: u32, kind: u32, moduleOff: u32, moduleLen: u32, fieldOff: u32, fieldLen: u32): void;
+declare function onFunctionImport(index: u32, type: u32): void;
+declare function onTableImport(index: u32, type: u32, initial: u32, maximum: u32, flags: u32): void;
+declare function onMemoryImport(index: u32, initial: u32, maximum: u32, flags: u32): void;
+declare function onGlobalImport(index: u32, type: u32, mutability: u32): void;
+declare function onMemory(index: u32, initial: u32, maximum: u32, flags: u32): void;
+declare function onFunction(index: u32, typeIndex: u32): void;
+declare function onGlobal(index: u32, type: u32, mutability: u32): void;
+declare function onExport(index: u32, kind: u32, kindIndex: u32, nameOffset: u32, nameLength: u32): void;
+declare function onStart(index: u32): void;
+
+/** Starts parsing the module that has been placed in memory. */
+function parse(): void {
+  var magic = readUint<u32>();
+  if (magic != 0x6D736100) unreachable();
+  var version = readUint<u32>();
+  if (version != 1) unreachable();
+  var end: usize = current_memory() << 16;
+  while (off < end) {
+    let section_off = off;
+    let id = readVaruint(7);
+    let payload_len = readVaruint(32);
+    let name_off = 0;
+    let name_len = 0;
+    if (!id) {
+      name_len = readVaruint(32);
+      if (!name_len) {
+        off = section_off;
+        break;
+      }
+      name_off = off;
+      off += name_len;
+    } else if (id > <u32>SectionId.Data) unreachable();
+    let payload_off = off;
+    if (onSection(
+      id,
+      payload_off,
+      payload_len,
+      name_off,
+      name_len
+    )) {
+      switch (id) {
+        case SectionId.Type: {
+          let count = readVaruint(32);
+          for (let index: u32 = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+            let form = readVarint(7) & 0x7f;
+            onType(index, form);
+            let paramCount = readVaruint(32);
+            for (let paramIndex: u32 = 0; paramIndex < paramCount; ++paramIndex) {
+              let paramType = readVarint(7) & 0x7f;
+              onTypeParam(index, paramIndex, paramType);
+            }
+            let returnCount = readVaruint(1); // MVP
+            for (let returnIndex: u32 = 0; returnIndex < returnCount; ++returnIndex) {
+              let returnType = readVarint(7) & 0x7f;
+              onTypeReturn(index, returnIndex, returnType);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Import: {
+          let count = readVaruint(32);
+          for (let index: u32 = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+            let module_len = readVaruint(32);
+            let module_off = off;
+            off += module_off;
+            let field_len = readVaruint(32);
+            let field_off = off;
+            off += field_off;
+            let kind = readUint<u8>();
+            onImport(
+              index,
+              kind,
+              module_off,
+              module_len,
+              field_off,
+              field_len
+            );
+            switch (kind) {
+              case ExternalKind.Function: {
+                let type = readVaruint(32);
+                onFunctionImport(index, type);
+                break;
+              }
+              case ExternalKind.Table: {
+                let type = readVarint(7) & 0x7f;
+                let flags = readVaruint(1);
+                let initial = readVaruint(32);
+                let maximum: u32 = flags & 1 ? readVaruint(32) : MAX_TABLES;
+                onTableImport(index, type, initial, maximum, flags);
+                break;
+              }
+              case ExternalKind.Memory: {
+                let flags = readVaruint(1);
+                let initial = readVaruint(32);
+                let maximum: u32 = flags & 1 ? readVaruint(32) : MAX_PAGES;
+                onMemoryImport(index, initial, maximum, flags);
+                break;
+              }
+              case ExternalKind.Global: {
+                let type = readVarint(7) & 0x7f;
+                let mutability = readVaruint(1);
+                onGlobalImport(index, type, mutability);
+                break;
+              }
+              default: unreachable();
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Function: {
+          let count = readVaruint(32);
+          for (let index: u32 = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+            let typeIndex = readVaruint(32);
+            onFunction(index, typeIndex);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Memory: {
+          let count = readVaruint(32);
+          for (let index: u32 = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+            let flags = readVaruint(1);
+            let initial = readVaruint(32);
+            let maximum: u32 = flags ? readVaruint(32) : MAX_PAGES;
+            onMemory(index, initial, maximum, flags);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Global: {
+          let count = readVaruint(32);
+          for (let index: u32 = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+            let type = readVarint(7) & 0x7f;
+            let mutability = readVaruint(1);
+            let op = readUint<u8>();
+            switch (op) {
+              case Opcode.i32_const: {
+                readVarint(32);
+                break;
+              }
+              case Opcode.i64_const: {
+                readVarint64();
+                break;
+              }
+              case Opcode.f32_const: {
+                readUint<u32>();
+                break;
+              }
+              case Opcode.f64_const: {
+                readUint64();
+                break;
+              }
+              case Opcode.get_global: {
+                readVaruint(32);
+                break;
+              }
+              default: unreachable();
+            }
+            op = readUint<u8>();
+            if (op != Opcode.end) unreachable();
+            onGlobal(index, type, mutability);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Export: {
+          let count = readVaruint(32);
+          for (let index: u32 = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+            let field_len = readVaruint(32);
+            let field_off = off;
+            off += field_len;
+            let kind = readUint<u8>();
+            let kind_index = readVaruint(32);
+            onExport(
+              index,
+              kind,
+              kind_index,
+              field_off,
+              field_len
+            );
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Start: {
+          let index = readVaruint(32);
+          onStart(
+            index
+          );
+          break;
+        }
+        case SectionId.Custom:
+        case SectionId.Code: { // TODO
+          off += payload_len;
+          break;
+        }
+        default: unreachable();
+      }
+    } else { // skip
+      off += payload_len;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Start parsing immediately
+parse();
--- a/lib/parse/assembly/tsconfig.json
+++ b/lib/parse/assembly/tsconfig.json
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "extends": "../../../std/assembly.json",
+  "include": [
+    "./**/*.ts"
+  ]
+}
--- a/lib/parse/build/.gitignore
+++ b/lib/parse/build/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*.wasm
+*.wasm.map
--- a/lib/parse/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/parse/index.d.ts
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "./src";
--- a/lib/parse/index.js
+++ b/lib/parse/index.js
--- a/lib/parse/index.js.map
+++ b/lib/parse/index.js.map
--- a/lib/parse/package-lock.json
+++ b/lib/parse/package-lock.json
--- a/lib/parse/package.json
+++ b/lib/parse/package.json
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "name": "@assemblyscript/parse",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "types": "index.d.ts",
+  "scripts": {
+    "build:as": "asc assembly/index.ts -O3 -b build/index.wasm --noMemory --importMemory --sourceMap --noDebug --validate",
+    "build": "npm run build:as && webpack --mode production --display-modules",
+    "test": "ts-node tests/"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "package.json",
+    "index.d.ts",
+    "index.js",
+    "index.js.map",
+    "src/",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/webassembly-js-api": "0.0.1",
+    "assemblyscript": "AssemblyScript/assemblyscript",
+    "ts-loader": "^4.1.0",
+    "ts-node": "^5.0.1",
+    "typescript": "^2.8.1",
+    "webpack": "^4.4.1",
+    "webpack-cli": "^2.0.13"
+  }
+}
--- a/lib/parse/src/common.ts
+++ b/lib/parse/src/common.ts
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/** Common constants shared between AssemblyScript and TypeScript. */
+
+/** WebAssembly types. */
+export enum Type {
+  i32 = 0x7f,
+  i64 = 0x7e,
+  f32 = 0x7d,
+  f64 = 0x7c,
+  anyfunc = 0x70,
+  func = 0x60,
+  none = 0x40
+}
+
+/** WebAssembly section ids. */
+export enum SectionId {
+  Custom = 0,
+  Type = 1,
+  Import = 2,
+  Function = 3,
+  Table = 4,
+  Memory = 5,
+  Global = 6,
+  Export = 7,
+  Start = 8,
+  Element = 9,
+  Code = 10,
+  Data = 11
+}
+
+/** WebAssembly external kinds. */
+export enum ExternalKind {
+  Function = 0,
+  Table = 1,
+  Memory = 2,
+  Global = 3
+}
+
+/** Maximum number of pages. */
+export const MAX_PAGES = 0xffff;
+
+/** Maximum number of tables. */
+export const MAX_TABLES = 1; // MVP
+
+/** WebAssembly opcodes. */
+export enum Opcode { // just a few of these are actually used
+  // unreachable = 0x00,
+  // nop = 0x01,
+  // block = 0x02,
+  // loop = 0x03,
+  // if_ = 0x04,
+  // else_ = 0x05,
+  end = 0x0b,
+  // br = 0x0c,
+  // br_if = 0x0d,
+  // br_table = 0x0e,
+  // return_ = 0x0f,
+  // call = 0x10,
+  // call_indirect = 0x11,
+  // drop = 0x1a,
+  // select = 0x1b,
+  // get_local = 0x20,
+  // set_local = 0x21,
+  // tee_local = 0x22,
+  get_global = 0x23,
+  // set_global = 0x24,
+  // i32_load = 0x28,
+  // i64_load = 0x29,
+  // f32_load = 0x2a,
+  // f64_load = 0x2b,
+  // i32_load8_s = 0x2c,
+  // i32_load8_u = 0x2d,
+  // i32_load16_s = 0x2e,
+  // i32_load16_u = 0x2f,
+  // i64_load8_s = 0x30,
+  // i64_load8_u = 0x31,
+  // i64_load16_s = 0x32,
+  // i64_load16_u = 0x33,
+  // i64_load32_s = 0x34,
+  // i64_load32_u = 0x35,
+  // i32_store = 0x36,
+  // i64_store = 0x37,
+  // f32_store = 0x38,
+  // f64_store = 0x39,
+  // i32_store8 = 0x3a,
+  // i32_store16 = 0x3b,
+  // i64_store8 = 0x3c,
+  // i64_store16 = 0x3d,
+  // i64_store32 = 0x3e,
+  // current_memory = 0x3f,
+  // grow_memory = 0x40,
+  i32_const = 0x41,
+  i64_const = 0x42,
+  f32_const = 0x43,
+  f64_const = 0x44
+  // i32_eqz = 0x45,
+  // i32_eq = 0x46,
+  // i32_ne = 0x47,
+  // i32_lt_s = 0x48,
+  // i32_lt_u = 0x49,
+  // i32_gt_s = 0x4a,
+  // i32_gt_u = 0x4b,
+  // i32_le_s = 0x4c,
+  // i32_le_u = 0x4d,
+  // i32_ge_s = 0x4e,
+  // i32_ge_u = 0x4f,
+  // i64_eqz = 0x50,
+  // i64_eq = 0x51,
+  // i64_ne = 0x52,
+  // i64_lt_s = 0x53,
+  // i64_lt_u = 0x54,
+  // i64_gt_s = 0x55,
+  // i64_gt_u = 0x56,
+  // i64_le_s = 0x57,
+  // i64_le_u = 0x58,
+  // i64_ge_s = 0x59,
+  // i64_ge_u = 0x5a,
+  // f32_eq = 0x5b,
+  // f32_ne = 0x5c,
+  // f32_lt = 0x5d,
+  // f32_gt = 0x5e,
+  // f32_le = 0x5f,
+  // f32_ge = 0x60,
+  // f64_eq = 0x61,
+  // f64_ne = 0x62,
+  // f64_lt = 0x63,
+  // f64_gt = 0x64,
+  // f64_le = 0x65,
+  // f64_ge = 0x66,
+  // i32_clz = 0x67,
+  // i32_ctz = 0x68,
+  // i32_popcnt = 0x69,
+  // i32_add = 0x6a,
+  // i32_sub = 0x6b,
+  // i32_mul = 0x6c,
+  // i32_div_s = 0x6d,
+  // i32_div_u = 0x6e,
+  // i32_rem_s = 0x6f,
+  // i32_rem_u = 0x70,
+  // i32_and = 0x71,
+  // i32_or = 0x72,
+  // i32_xor = 0x73,
+  // i32_shl = 0x74,
+  // i32_shr_s = 0x75,
+  // i32_shr_u = 0x76,
+  // i32_rotl = 0x77,
+  // i32_rotr = 0x78,
+  // i64_clz = 0x79,
+  // i64_ctz = 0x7a,
+  // i64_popcnt = 0x7b,
+  // i64_add = 0x7c,
+  // i64_sub = 0x7d,
+  // i64_mul = 0x7e,
+  // i64_div_s = 0x7f,
+  // i64_div_u = 0x80,
+  // i64_rem_s = 0x81,
+  // i64_rem_u = 0x82,
+  // i64_and = 0x83,
+  // i64_or = 0x84,
+  // i64_xor = 0x85,
+  // i64_shl = 0x86,
+  // i64_shr_s = 0x87,
+  // i64_shr_u = 0x88,
+  // i64_rotl = 0x89,
+  // i64_rotr = 0x8a,
+  // f32_abs = 0x8b,
+  // f32_neg = 0x8c,
+  // f32_ceil = 0x8d,
+  // f32_floor = 0x8e,
+  // f32_trunc = 0x8f,
+  // f32_nearest = 0x90,
+  // f32_sqrt = 0x91,
+  // f32_add = 0x92,
+  // f32_sub = 0x93,
+  // f32_mul = 0x94,
+  // f32_div = 0x95,
+  // f32_min = 0x96,
+  // f32_max = 0x97,
+  // f32_copysign = 0x98,
+  // f64_abs = 0x99,
+  // f64_neg = 0x9a,
+  // f64_ceil = 0x9b,
+  // f64_floor = 0x9c,
+  // f64_trunc = 0x9d,
+  // f64_nearest = 0x9e,
+  // f64_sqrt = 0x9f,
+  // f64_add = 0xa0,
+  // f64_sub = 0xa1,
+  // f64_mul = 0xa2,
+  // f64_div = 0xa3,
+  // f64_min = 0xa4,
+  // f64_max = 0xa5,
+  // f64_copysign = 0xa6,
+  // i32_wrap_i64 = 0xa7,
+  // i32_trunc_s_f32 = 0xa8,
+  // i32_trunc_u_f32 = 0xa9,
+  // i32_trunc_s_f64 = 0xaa,
+  // i32_trunc_u_f64 = 0xab,
+  // i64_extend_s_i32 = 0xac,
+  // i64_extend_u_i32 = 0xad,
+  // i64_trunc_s_f32 = 0xae,
+  // i64_trunc_u_f32 = 0xaf,
+  // i64_trunc_s_f64 = 0xb0,
+  // i64_trunc_u_f64 = 0xb1,
+  // f32_convert_s_i32 = 0xb2,
+  // f32_convert_u_i32 = 0xb3,
+  // f32_convert_s_i64 = 0xb4,
+  // f32_convert_u_i64 = 0xb5,
+  // f32_demote_f64 = 0xb6,
+  // f64_convert_s_i32 = 0xb7,
+  // f64_convert_u_i32 = 0xb8,
+  // f64_convert_s_i64 = 0xb9,
+  // f64_convert_u_i64 = 0xba,
+  // f64_promote_f32 = 0xbb,
+  // i32_reinterpret_f32 = 0xbc,
+  // i64_reinterpret_f64 = 0xbd,
+  // f32_reinterpret_i32 = 0xbe,
+  // f64_reinterpret_i64 = 0xbf
+}
--- a/lib/parse/src/index.ts
+++ b/lib/parse/src/index.ts
@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import { Type, SectionId, ExternalKind } from "./common";
+export { Type, SectionId, ExternalKind };
+
+/** Cached compiled parser. */
+var compiled: WebAssembly.Module | null = null;
+
+declare var WASM_DATA: string; // injected by webpack
+if (typeof WASM_DATA !== "string") WASM_DATA = require("fs").readFileSync(__dirname + "/../build/index.wasm", "base64");
+
+/** Options specified to the parser. The `onSection` callback determines the sections being evaluated in detail. */
+export interface ParseOptions {
+  /** Called with each section in the binary. Returning `true` evaluates the section. */
+  onSection?(id: SectionId, payloadOff: number, payloadLen: number, nameOff: number, nameLen: number): boolean;
+  /** Called with each function type if the type section is evaluated. */
+  onType?(index: number, form: number): void;
+  /** Called with each function parameter if the type section is evaluated. */
+  onTypeParam?(index: number, paramIndex: number, paramType: Type): void;
+  /** Called with each function return type if the type section is evaluated. */
+  onTypeReturn?(index: number, returnIndex: number, returnType: Type): void;
+  /** Called with each import if the import section is evaluated. */
+  onImport?(index: number, kind: ExternalKind, moduleOff: number, moduleLen: number, fieldOff: number, fieldLen: number): void;
+  /** Called with each function import if the import section is evaluated. */
+  onFunctionImport?(index: number, type: number): void;
+  /** Called with each table import if the import section is evaluated. */
+  onTableImport?(index: number, type: Type, initial: number, maximum: number, flags: number): void;
+  /** Called with each memory import if the import section is evaluated. */
+  onMemoryImport?(index: number, initial: number, maximum: number, flags: number): void;
+  /** Called with each global import if the import section is evaluated. */
+  onGlobalImport?(index: number, type: Type, mutability: number): void;
+  /** Called with each memory if the memory section is evaluated.*/
+  onMemory?(index: number, initial: number, maximum: number, flags: number): void;
+  /** Called with each function if the function section is evaluated. */
+  onFunction?(index: number, typeIndex: number): void;
+  /** Called with each global if the global section is evaluated. */
+  onGlobal?(index: number, type: Type, mutability: number): void;
+  /** Called with the start function index if the start section is evaluated. */
+  onStart?(index: number): void;
+  /** Called with each export if the export section is evaluated. */
+  onExport?(index: number, kind: ExternalKind, kindIndex: number, nameOff: number, nameLen: number);
+}
+
+/** Parses the contents of a WebAssembly binary according to the specified options. */
+export function parse(binary: Uint8Array, options?: ParseOptions): void {
+  if (!options) options = {};
+
+  // compile the parser if not yet compiled
+  if (!compiled) compiled = new WebAssembly.Module(base64_decode(WASM_DATA));
+
+  // use the binary as the parser's memory
+  var bytes = binary.length + 5; // leave space for u8 + u32 zero terminator
+  var pages = ((bytes + 0xffff) & ~0xffff) >> 16;
+  var memory = new WebAssembly.Memory({ initial: pages });
+  var buffer = new Uint8Array(memory.buffer);
+  buffer.set(binary);
+
+  // provide a way to read strings from memory
+  parse.readString = (offset: number, length: number): string => utf8_read(buffer, offset, offset + length);
+
+  // instantiate the parser and return its exports
+  function nop(): void {}
+  var imports = {
+    env: {
+      memory: memory
+    }
+  };
+  [
+    "onSection",
+    "onType",
+    "onTypeParam",
+    "onTypeReturn",
+    "onImport",
+    "onFunctionImport",
+    "onTableImport",
+    "onMemoryImport",
+    "onGlobalImport",
+    "onMemory",
+    "onFunction",
+    "onGlobal",
+    "onExport",
+    "onStart"
+  ].forEach((name: string): void => imports.env[name] = options[name] || nop);
+  var instance = new WebAssembly.Instance(compiled, imports);
+  return instance.exports;
+}
+
+export declare namespace parse {
+  /** Utility function for reading an UTF8 encoded string from memory while parsing. */
+  function readString(offset: number, length: number): string;
+}
+
+// see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/tree/master/lib/utf8
+function utf8_read(buffer: Uint8Array, start: number, end: number): string {
+  var len = end - start;
+  if (len < 1) return "";
+  var parts: string[] | null = null,
+      chunk: number[] = [],
+      i = 0, // char offset
+      t = 0; // temporary
+  while (start < end) {
+    t = buffer[start++];
+    if (t < 128) {
+      chunk[i++] = t;
+    } else if (t > 191 && t < 224) {
+      chunk[i++] = (t & 31) << 6 | buffer[start++] & 63;
+    } else if (t > 239 && t < 365) {
+      t = ((t & 7) << 18 | (buffer[start++] & 63) << 12 | (buffer[start++] & 63) << 6 | buffer[start++] & 63) - 0x10000;
+      chunk[i++] = 0xD800 + (t >> 10);
+      chunk[i++] = 0xDC00 + (t & 1023);
+    } else {
+      chunk[i++] = (t & 15) << 12 | (buffer[start++] & 63) << 6 | buffer[start++] & 63;
+    }
+    if (i > 8191) {
+      (parts || (parts = [])).push(String.fromCharCode.apply(String, chunk));
+      i = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if (parts) {
+    if (i) parts.push(String.fromCharCode.apply(String, chunk.slice(0, i)));
+    return parts.join("");
+  }
+  return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, chunk.slice(0, i));
+}
+
+// see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js/tree/master/lib/base64
+function base64_decode(string: string): Uint8Array {
+  var length = string.length;
+  if (length) {
+    let n = 0,
+        p = length;
+    while (--p % 4 > 1 && string.charCodeAt(p) === 61) ++n;
+    length = Math.ceil(length * 3) / 4 - n;
+  }
+  var buffer = new Uint8Array(length);
+  var j = 0, o = 0, t = 0;
+  for (let i = 0, k = string.length; i < k;) {
+    let c = string.charCodeAt(i++);
+    if (c === 61 && j > 1) break;
+    if ((c = s64[c]) === undefined) throw Error();
+    switch (j) {
+      case 0: { t = c; j = 1; break; }
+      case 1: { buffer[o++] = t << 2 | (c & 48) >> 4; t = c; j = 2; break; }
+      case 2: { buffer[o++] = (t & 15) << 4 | (c & 60) >> 2; t = c; j = 3; break; }
+      case 3: { buffer[o++] = (t & 3) << 6 | c; j = 0; break; }
+    }
+  }
+  if (j === 1) throw Error();
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+var s64 = new Array(123);
+for (let i = 0; i < 64;) s64[i < 26 ? i + 65 : i < 52 ? i + 71 : i < 62 ? i - 4 : i - 59 | 43] = i++;
--- a/lib/parse/src/tsconfig.json
+++ b/lib/parse/src/tsconfig.json
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "module": "commonjs"
+  },
+  "include": [
+    "./**/*.ts"
+  ]
+}
--- a/lib/parse/tests/index.ts
+++ b/lib/parse/tests/index.ts
@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import * as fs from "fs";
+import {
+  Type,
+  SectionId,
+  ExternalKind,
+  parse
+} from "..";
+
+const testBinary = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + "/libm.wasm");
+
+function onSection(id: SectionId, offset: number, length: number, nameOffset: number, nameLength: number): boolean {
+  var name = id == 0 ? parse.readString(nameOffset, nameLength) : SectionId[id];
+  console.log(name + " section at " + offset + ".." + (offset + length));
+  return true;
+}
+
+function onType(index: number, form: Type): void {
+  console.log("- FunctionType[" + index + "] is " + Type[form]);
+}
+
+function onTypeParam(index: number, paramIndex: number, paramType: Type): void {
+  console.log("  > param[" + paramIndex + "] = " + Type[paramType]);
+}
+
+function onTypeReturn(index: number, returnIndex: number, returnType: Type): void {
+  console.log("  > return[" + returnIndex + "] = " + Type[returnType]);
+}
+
+function onImport(index: number, kind: ExternalKind, moduleOff: number, moduleLen: number, fieldOff: number, fieldLen: number): void {
+  var moduleName = parse.readString(moduleOff, moduleLen);
+  var fieldName = parse.readString(fieldOff, fieldLen);
+  console.log("- Import[" + index + "] is '" + moduleName + "." + fieldName + "'");
+}
+
+function onFunctionImport(index: number, type: number): void {
+  console.log("  > FunctionType[" + type + "]");
+}
+
+function onTableImport(index: number, type: Type, initial: number, maximum: number, flags: number): void {
+  console.log("  > " + Type[type] + ", initial=" + initial + ", maximum=" + maximum);
+}
+
+function onMemoryImport(index: number, initial: number, maximum: number, flags: number): void {
+  console.log("  > initial=" + initial + ", maximum=" + maximum);
+}
+
+function onGlobalImport(index: number, type: Type, mutability: number): void {
+  console.log("  > " + (mutability & 1 ? "mutable " : "const ") + Type[type]);
+}
+
+function onMemory(index: number, initial: number, maximum: number, flags: number): void {
+  console.log("- Memory[" + index + "]: initial=" + initial + ", maximum=" + maximum);
+}
+
+function onFunction(index: number, typeIndex: number): void {
+  console.log("- Function[" + index + "]: FunctionType[" + typeIndex + "]");
+}
+
+function onGlobal(index: number, type: Type, mutability: number): void {
+  console.log("- Global[" + index + "]: " + (mutability & 1 ? "mutable " : "const ") + Type[type]);
+}
+
+function onStart(index: number): void {
+  console.log("- Start: Function[" + index + "]");
+}
+
+function onExport(index: number, kind: ExternalKind, kindIndex: number, fieldOffset: number, fieldLength: number): void {
+  var field = parse.readString(fieldOffset, fieldLength);
+  console.log("- Export[" + index + "]: '" + field + "' -> " + ExternalKind[kind] + "[" + kindIndex + "]");
+}
+
+const result = parse(testBinary, {
+  onSection,
+  onType,
+  onTypeParam,
+  onTypeReturn,
+  onImport,
+  onFunctionImport,
+  onTableImport,
+  onMemoryImport,
+  onGlobalImport,
+  onMemory,
+  onFunction,
+  onGlobal,
+  onStart,
+  onExport
+});
--- a/lib/parse/tests/libm.wasm
+++ b/lib/parse/tests/libm.wasm
--- a/lib/parse/webpack.config.js
+++ b/lib/parse/webpack.config.js
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const webpack = require("webpack");
+
+const wasmData = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + "/build/index.wasm");
+
+module.exports = {
+  entry: [ "./src/index.ts" ],
+  module: {
+    rules: [
+      {
+        test: /\.ts$/,
+        use: "ts-loader",
+        exclude: /node_modules/
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  resolve: {
+    extensions: [ ".ts", ".js" ]
+  },
+  node: {
+    fs: false
+  },
+  output: {
+    filename: "index.js",
+    path: __dirname,
+    library: "asparse",
+    libraryTarget: "umd",
+    globalObject: "typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : this"
+  },
+  plugins: [
+    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
+      WASM_DATA: JSON.stringify(wasmData.toString("base64"))
+    })
+  ],
+  devtool: "source-map"
+};
--- a/src/compiler.ts
+++ b/src/compiler.ts
@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ import {
  ConstantValueKind,

  PATH_DELIMITER,
-  LIBRARY_PREFIX
+  LIBRARY_PREFIX,
+  Flow
 } from "./program";

 import {
@ -200,6 +201,8 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
  module: Module;
  /** Current function in compilation. */
  currentFunction: Function;
+  /** Outer function in compilation, if compiling a function expression. */
+  outerFunction: Function | null = null;
  /** Current enum in compilation. */
  currentEnum: Enum | null = null;
  /** Current type in compilation. */
@ -482,43 +485,47 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
    var initExpr: ExpressionRef = 0;

    if (global.type == Type.void) { // type is void if not yet resolved or not annotated
+      if (declaration) {

-      // resolve now if annotated
-      if (declaration.type) {
-        let resolvedType = this.program.resolveType(declaration.type); // reports
-        if (!resolvedType) return false;
-        if (resolvedType == Type.void) {
+        // resolve now if annotated
+        if (declaration.type) {
+          let resolvedType = this.program.resolveType(declaration.type); // reports
+          if (!resolvedType) return false;
+          if (resolvedType == Type.void) {
+            this.error(
+              DiagnosticCode.Type_expected,
+              declaration.type.range
+            );
+            return false;
+          }
+          global.type = resolvedType;
+
+        // infer from initializer if not annotated
+        } else if (declaration.initializer) { // infer type using void/NONE for literal inference
+          initExpr = this.compileExpression( // reports
+            declaration.initializer,
+            Type.void,
+            ConversionKind.NONE
+          );
+          if (this.currentType == Type.void) {
+            this.error(
+              DiagnosticCode.Type_0_is_not_assignable_to_type_1,
+              declaration.initializer.range, this.currentType.toString(), "<auto>"
+            );
+            return false;
+          }
+          global.type = this.currentType;
+
+        // must either be annotated or have an initializer
+        } else {
          this.error(
            DiagnosticCode.Type_expected,
-            declaration.type.range
+            declaration.name.range.atEnd
          );
          return false;
        }
-        global.type = resolvedType;
-
-      // infer from initializer if not annotated
-      } else if (declaration.initializer) { // infer type using void/NONE for literal inference
-        initExpr = this.compileExpression( // reports
-          declaration.initializer,
-          Type.void,
-          ConversionKind.NONE
-        );
-        if (this.currentType == Type.void) {
-          this.error(
-            DiagnosticCode.Type_0_is_not_assignable_to_type_1,
-            declaration.initializer.range, this.currentType.toString(), "<auto>"
-          );
-          return false;
-        }
-        global.type = this.currentType;
-
-      // must either be annotated or have an initializer
      } else {
-        this.error(
-          DiagnosticCode.Type_expected,
-          declaration.name.range.atEnd
-        );
-        return false;
+        assert(false); // must have a declaration if 'void' (and thus resolved later on)
      }
    }

@ -546,7 +553,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      } else {
        this.error(
          DiagnosticCode.Operation_not_supported,
-          declaration.range
+          assert(declaration).range
        );
      }
      return false;
@ -563,7 +570,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
    } else {

      // evaluate initializer if present
-      if (declaration.initializer) {
+      if (declaration && declaration.initializer) {
        if (!initExpr) {
          initExpr = this.compileExpression(declaration.initializer, global.type);
        }
@ -630,7 +637,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
            assert(false);
            this.error(
              DiagnosticCode.Operation_not_supported,
-              global.declaration.range
+              assert(global.declaration).range
            );
            global.constantValueKind = ConstantValueKind.INTEGER;
            global.constantIntegerValue = i64_new(0);
@ -638,11 +645,15 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
          }
        }
        global.set(CommonFlags.INLINED); // inline the value from now on
-        if (declaration.isTopLevel) {    // but keep the element as it might be re-exported
-          module.addGlobal(internalName, nativeType, false, initExpr);
-        }
-        if (declaration.range.source.isEntry && declaration.isTopLevelExport) {
-          module.addGlobalExport(global.internalName, declaration.programLevelInternalName);
+        if (declaration) {
+          if (declaration.isTopLevel) {    // but keep the element as it might be re-exported
+            module.addGlobal(internalName, nativeType, false, initExpr);
+          }
+          if (declaration.range.source.isEntry && declaration.isTopLevelExport) {
+            module.addGlobalExport(global.internalName, declaration.programLevelInternalName);
+          }
+        } else {
+          assert(false); // must have a declaration if constant
        }

      } else /* mutable */ {
@ -763,7 +774,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {

  // functions

-  /** Compiles a function given its declaration. */
+  /** Compiles a top-level function given its declaration. */
  compileFunctionDeclaration(
    declaration: FunctionDeclaration,
    typeArguments: TypeNode[],
@ -775,6 +786,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      <FunctionPrototype>element,
      typeArguments,
      contextualTypeArguments,
+      null, // no outer scope (is top level)
      (<FunctionPrototype>element).declaration.name
    );
  }
@ -784,6 +796,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
    prototype: FunctionPrototype,
    typeArguments: TypeNode[],
    contextualTypeArguments: Map<string,Type> | null,
+    outerScope: Flow | null,
    reportNode: Node
  ): Function | null {
    var instance = prototype.resolveUsingTypeArguments( // reports
@ -791,7 +804,9 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      contextualTypeArguments,
      reportNode
    );
-    if (!(instance && this.compileFunction(instance))) return null;
+    if (!instance) return null;
+    instance.outerScope = outerScope;
+    if (!this.compileFunction(instance)) return null;
    return instance;
  }

@ -1032,7 +1047,8 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
            this.compileFunctionUsingTypeArguments(
              <FunctionPrototype>element,
              [],
-              null,
+              null, // no contextual type arguments
+              null, // no outer scope
              (<FunctionPrototype>element).declaration.name
            );
          }
@ -1084,7 +1100,8 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
            let functionInstance = this.compileFunctionUsingTypeArguments(
              <FunctionPrototype>element,
              [],
-              null,
+              null, // no contextual type arguments
+              null, // no outer scope
              (<FunctionPrototype>element).declaration.name
            );
            if (functionInstance) {
@ -1810,9 +1827,9 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      }
      if (!isInlined) {
        if (declaration.isAny(CommonFlags.LET | CommonFlags.CONST)) { // here: not top-level
-          currentFunction.flow.addScopedLocal(name, type, declaration.name); // reports
+          currentFunction.flow.addScopedLocal(type, name, declaration); // reports
        } else {
-          currentFunction.addLocal(type, name); // reports
+          currentFunction.addLocal(type, name, declaration); // reports
        }
        if (init) {
          initializers.push(this.compileAssignmentWithValue(declaration.name, init));
@ -1965,10 +1982,6 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      }
      default: {
        assert(false);
-        this.error(
-          DiagnosticCode.Operation_not_supported,
-          element.declaration.range
-        );
        return this.module.createUnreachable();
      }
    }
@ -4805,6 +4818,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      prototype,
      [],
      currentFunction.contextualTypeArguments,
+      currentFunction.flow,
      declaration
    );
    if (!instance) return this.module.createUnreachable();
@ -5514,7 +5528,7 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
    var currentFunction = this.currentFunction;

    // make a getter for the expression (also obtains the type)
-    var getValue = this.compileExpression(
+    var getValue = this.compileExpression( // reports
      expression.operand,
      contextualType == Type.void
        ? Type.i32
@ -5522,6 +5536,10 @@ export class Compiler extends DiagnosticEmitter {
      ConversionKind.NONE,
      false // wrapped below
    );
+    if (_BinaryenExpressionGetId(getValue) == ExpressionId.Unreachable) {
+      // shortcut if compiling the getter already failed
+      return getValue;
+    }
    var currentType = this.currentType;

    var op: BinaryOp;
--- a/src/program.ts
+++ b/src/program.ts
@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ import {
  VariableStatement,

  ParameterKind,
-  SignatureNode
+  SignatureNode,
+  VariableDeclaration
 } from "./ast";

 import {
@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ export class Program extends DiagnosticEmitter {
    if (implementsTypes) {
      let numImplementsTypes = implementsTypes.length;
      if (prototype.is(CommonFlags.UNMANAGED)) {
-        if (implementsTypes && numImplementsTypes) {
+        if (numImplementsTypes) {
          this.error(
            DiagnosticCode.Structs_cannot_implement_interfaces,
            Range.join(
@ -544,8 +545,8 @@ export class Program extends DiagnosticEmitter {
        this,
        name,
        internalName,
-        declaration,
-        Type.void
+        Type.void, // resolved later on
+        declaration
      );
      classPrototype.members.set(name, staticField);
      this.elementsLookup.set(internalName, staticField);
@ -1454,8 +1455,8 @@ export class Program extends DiagnosticEmitter {
        this,
        simpleName,
        internalName,
-        declaration,
-        Type.void // resolved later on
+        Type.void, // resolved later on
+        declaration
      );
      global.namespace = namespace;
      this.elementsLookup.set(internalName, global);
@ -1714,6 +1715,19 @@ export class Program extends DiagnosticEmitter {
        return resolvedElement.set(element);
      }

+      // check outer scope locals
+      // let outerScope = contextualFunction.outerScope;
+      // while (outerScope) {
+      //   if (element = outerScope.getScopedLocal(name)) {
+      //     let scopedLocal = <Local>element;
+      //     let scopedGlobal = scopedLocal.scopedGlobal;
+      //     if (!scopedGlobal) scopedGlobal = outerScope.addScopedGlobal(scopedLocal);
+      //     if (!resolvedElement) resolvedElement = new ResolvedElement();
+      //     return resolvedElement.set(scopedGlobal);
+      //   }
+      //   outerScope = outerScope.currentFunction.outerScope;
+      // }
+
      // search contextual parent namespaces if applicable
      if (namespace = contextualFunction.prototype.namespace) {
        do {
@ -2241,7 +2255,7 @@ export class VariableLikeElement extends Element {
  // kind varies

  /** Declaration reference. */
-  declaration: VariableLikeDeclarationStatement;
+  declaration: VariableLikeDeclarationStatement | null;
  /** Variable type. Is {@link Type.void} for type-inferred {@link Global}s before compilation. */
  type: Type;
  /** Constant value kind. */
@ -2251,6 +2265,18 @@ export class VariableLikeElement extends Element {
  /** Constant float value, if applicable. */
  constantFloatValue: f64;

+  protected constructor(
+    program: Program,
+    simpleName: string,
+    internalName: string,
+    type: Type,
+    declaration: VariableLikeDeclarationStatement | null
+  ) {
+    super(program, simpleName, internalName);
+    this.type = type;
+    this.declaration = declaration;
+  }
+
  withConstantIntegerValue(lo: i32, hi: i32): this {
    this.constantValueKind = ConstantValueKind.INTEGER;
    this.constantIntegerValue = i64_new(lo, hi);
@ -2275,12 +2301,11 @@ export class Global extends VariableLikeElement {
    program: Program,
    simpleName: string,
    internalName: string,
-    declaration: VariableLikeDeclarationStatement,
-    type: Type
+    type: Type,
+    declaration: VariableLikeDeclarationStatement | null
  ) {
-    super(program, simpleName, internalName);
-    this.declaration = declaration;
-    this.flags = declaration.flags;
+    super(program, simpleName, internalName, type, declaration);
+    this.flags = declaration ? declaration.flags : CommonFlags.NONE;
    this.type = type; // resolved later if `void`
  }
 }
@ -2312,11 +2337,18 @@ export class Local extends VariableLikeElement {

  /** Local index. */
  index: i32;
+  /** Respective scoped global, if any. */
+  scopedGlobal: Global | null = null;

-  constructor(program: Program, simpleName: string, index: i32, type: Type) {
-    super(program, simpleName, simpleName);
+  constructor(
+    program: Program,
+    simpleName: string,
+    index: i32,
+    type: Type,
+    declaration: VariableLikeDeclarationStatement | null = null
+  ) {
+    super(program, simpleName, simpleName, type, declaration);
    this.index = index;
-    this.type = type;
  }
 }

@ -2552,6 +2584,8 @@ export class Function extends Element {
  functionTableIndex: i32 = -1;
  /** Trampoline function for calling with omitted arguments. */
  trampoline: Function | null = null;
+  /** The outer scope, if a function expression. */
+  outerScope: Flow | null = null;

  private nextBreakId: i32 = 0;
  private breakStack: i32[] | null = null;
@ -2604,6 +2638,7 @@ export class Function extends Element {
            parameterName,
            localIndex++,
            parameterType
+            // FIXME: declaration?
          )
        );
      }
@ -2612,7 +2647,7 @@ export class Function extends Element {
  }

  /** Adds a local of the specified type, with an optional name. */
-  addLocal(type: Type, name: string | null = null): Local {
+  addLocal(type: Type, name: string | null = null, declaration: VariableDeclaration | null = null): Local {
    // if it has a name, check previously as this method will throw otherwise
    var localIndex = this.signature.parameterTypes.length + this.additionalLocals.length;
    if (this.is(CommonFlags.INSTANCE)) ++localIndex;
@ -2622,7 +2657,8 @@ export class Function extends Element {
        ? name
        : "var$" + localIndex.toString(10),
      localIndex,
-      type
+      type,
+      declaration
    );
    if (name) {
      if (this.locals.has(name)) throw new Error("duplicate local name");
@ -2833,8 +2869,13 @@ export class Field extends VariableLikeElement {
  memoryOffset: i32 = -1;

  /** Constructs a new field. */
-  constructor(prototype: FieldPrototype, internalName: string, type: Type) {
-    super(prototype.program, prototype.simpleName, internalName);
+  constructor(
+    prototype: FieldPrototype,
+    internalName: string,
+    type: Type,
+    declaration: FieldDeclaration
+  ) {
+    super(prototype.program, prototype.simpleName, internalName, type, declaration);
    this.prototype = prototype;
    this.flags = prototype.flags;
    this.type = type;
@ -3020,7 +3061,8 @@ export class ClassPrototype extends Element {
              let fieldInstance = new Field(
                <FieldPrototype>member,
                internalName + INSTANCE_DELIMITER + (<FieldPrototype>member).simpleName,
-                fieldType
+                fieldType,
+                fieldDeclaration
              );
              switch (fieldType.byteSize) { // align
                case 1: break;
@ -3281,6 +3323,8 @@ export class Flow {
  breakLabel: string | null;
  /** Scoped local variables. */
  scopedLocals: Map<string,Local> | null = null;
+  /** Scoped global variables. */
+  // scopedGlobals: Map<Local,Global> | null = null;

  /** Creates the parent flow of the specified function. */
  static create(currentFunction: Function): Flow {
@ -3346,13 +3390,13 @@ export class Flow {
  }

  /** Adds a new scoped local of the specified name. */
-  addScopedLocal(name: string, type: Type, reportNode: Node): void {
+  addScopedLocal(type: Type, name: string, declaration: VariableDeclaration): void {
    var scopedLocal = this.currentFunction.getTempLocal(type);
    if (!this.scopedLocals) this.scopedLocals = new Map();
    else if (this.scopedLocals.has(name)) {
      this.currentFunction.program.error(
        DiagnosticCode.Duplicate_identifier_0,
-        reportNode.range
+        declaration.name.range
      );
      return;
    }
@ -3371,6 +3415,27 @@ export class Flow {
    return this.currentFunction.locals.get(name);
  }

+  /** Adds a scoped global for an outer scoped local. */
+  // addScopedGlobal(scopedLocal: Local): Global {
+  //   var scopedGlobals = this.scopedGlobals;
+  //   var scopedGlobal: Global | null;
+  //   if (!scopedGlobals) {
+  //     this.scopedGlobals = scopedGlobals = new Map();
+  //   } else {
+  //     scopedGlobal = scopedGlobals.get(scopedLocal);
+  //     if (scopedGlobal) return scopedGlobal;
+  //   }
+  //   scopedGlobal = new Global(
+  //     scopedLocal.program,
+  //     scopedLocal.simpleName,
+  //     this.currentFunction.internalName + "~" + scopedLocal.internalName,
+  //     scopedLocal.type,
+  //     assert(scopedLocal.declaration)
+  //   );
+  //   scopedGlobals.set(scopedLocal, scopedGlobal);
+  //   return scopedGlobal;
+  // }
+
  /** Finalizes this flow. Must be the topmost parent flow of the function. */
  finalize(): void {
    assert(this.parent == null, "must be the topmost parent flow");
--- a/std/assembly/allocator/arena.ts
+++ b/std/assembly/allocator/arena.ts
@ -7,28 +7,31 @@
 * @module std/assembly/allocator/arena
 *//***/

-import { MASK as AL_MASK } from "./common/alignment";
+import { AL_MASK } from "./common";

 var startOffset: usize = (HEAP_BASE + AL_MASK) & ~AL_MASK;
 var offset: usize = startOffset;

@global
 export function allocate_memory(size: usize): usize {
-  if (!size) return 0;
-  var ptr = offset;
-  var newPtr = (ptr + size + AL_MASK) & ~AL_MASK;
-  var pagesBefore = current_memory();
-  if (newPtr > <usize>pagesBefore << 16) {
-    let pagesNeeded = ((newPtr - ptr + 0xffff) & ~0xffff) >>> 16;
-    let pagesWanted = max(pagesBefore, pagesNeeded); // double memory
-    if (grow_memory(pagesWanted) < 0) {
-      if (grow_memory(pagesNeeded) < 0) {
-        unreachable(); // out of memory
+  const MAX_SIZE: usize = 1 << 30;
+  if (size && size < MAX_SIZE) {
+    let ptr = offset;
+    let newPtr = (ptr + size + AL_MASK) & ~AL_MASK;
+    let pagesBefore = current_memory();
+    if (newPtr > <usize>pagesBefore << 16) {
+      let pagesNeeded = ((newPtr - ptr + 0xffff) & ~0xffff) >>> 16;
+      let pagesWanted = max(pagesBefore, pagesNeeded); // double memory
+      if (grow_memory(pagesWanted) < 0) {
+        if (grow_memory(pagesNeeded) < 0) {
+          unreachable(); // out of memory
+        }
      }
    }
+    offset = newPtr;
+    return ptr;
  }
-  offset = newPtr;
-  return ptr;
+  return 0;
 }

@global
--- a/std/assembly/allocator/buddy.ts
+++ b/std/assembly/allocator/buddy.ts
@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ export function allocate_memory(request: usize): usize {
   * a hard-coded limit on the maximum allocation size because of the way this
   * allocator works.
   */
-  if (request + HEADER_SIZE > MAX_ALLOC) {
+  if (request > MAX_ALLOC - HEADER_SIZE) {
    return 0;
  }

--- a/std/assembly/allocator/common/alignment.ts
+++ b/std/assembly/allocator/common/alignment.ts
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Shared alignment constants.
- * @module std/assembly/allocator/common/alignment
- *//***/
-
-/** Number of alignment bits. */
-export const BITS: u32 = 3;
-
-/** Number of possible alignment values. */
-export const SIZE: usize = 1 << <usize>BITS;
-
-/** Mask to obtain just the alignment bits. */
-export const MASK: usize = SIZE - 1;
--- a/std/assembly/allocator/common/index.ts
+++ b/std/assembly/allocator/common/index.ts
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * Shared allocator constants.
+ * @module std/assembly/allocator/common
+ *//***/
+
+/** Number of alignment bits. */
+export const AL_BITS: u32 = 3;
+
+/** Number of possible alignment values. */
+export const AL_SIZE: usize = 1 << <usize>AL_BITS;
+
+/** Mask to obtain just the alignment bits. */
+export const AL_MASK: usize = AL_SIZE - 1;
+
+/** Maximum 32-bit allocation size. */
+export const MAX_SIZE_32: usize = 1 << 30; // 1GB
--- a/std/assembly/allocator/tlsf.ts
+++ b/std/assembly/allocator/tlsf.ts
@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 // FL: first level, SL: second level, AL: alignment, SB: small block

 import {
-  BITS as AL_BITS,
-  SIZE as AL_SIZE,
-  MASK as AL_MASK
-} from "./common/alignment";
+  AL_BITS,
+  AL_SIZE,
+  AL_MASK,
+  MAX_SIZE_32
+} from "./common";

 const SL_BITS: u32 = 5;
 const SL_SIZE: usize = 1 << <usize>SL_BITS;
@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ const FL_BITS: u32 = (sizeof<usize>() == sizeof<u32>()
  : 32 // ^= up to 4GB per block
 ) - SB_BITS;

+// assert(1 << (FL_BITS + SB_BITS) == MAX_SIZE_32);
+
 // ╒════════════════ Block structure layout (32-bit) ══════════════╕
 //    3                   2                   1
 //  1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  bits
@ -457,7 +460,8 @@ export function allocate_memory(size: usize): usize {

  // search for a suitable block
  var data: usize = 0;
-  if (size && size < Block.MAX_SIZE) {
+  if (size && size <= Block.MAX_SIZE) {
+    // 32-bit MAX_SIZE is 1 << 30 and itself aligned, hence the following can't overflow MAX_SIZE
    size = max<usize>((size + AL_MASK) & ~AL_MASK, Block.MIN_SIZE);

    let block = root.search(size);
--- a/tests/allocators/arena/optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/allocators/arena/optimized.wat
@ -2,161 +2,170 @@
 (type $ii (func (param i32) (result i32)))
 (type $iv (func (param i32)))
 (type $v (func))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset" (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset" (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $HEAP_BASE i32 (i32.const 4))
 (memory $0 1)
- (export "allocate_memory" (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/allocate_memory"))
- (export "free_memory" (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/free_memory"))
- (export "reset_memory" (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/reset_memory"))
+ (export "allocate_memory" (func $~lib/allocator/arena/allocate_memory))
+ (export "free_memory" (func $~lib/allocator/arena/free_memory))
+ (export "reset_memory" (func $~lib/allocator/arena/reset_memory))
 (export "memory" (memory $0))
 (start $start)
- (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/allocate_memory" (; 0 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
+ (func $~lib/allocator/arena/allocate_memory (; 0 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
  (local $1 i32)
  (local $2 i32)
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:2
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:2
  (if
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:6
-   (i32.eqz
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:7
+   (select
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:14
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:21
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:6
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:20
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:2
-  (if
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:6
-   (i32.gt_u
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:2
-    (tee_local $2
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:15
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:16
-       (i32.add
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:18:2
-        (tee_local $1
-         ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:18:12
-         (get_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset")
-        )
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:22
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:29
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:15
-    (i32.shl
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:20:2
-     (tee_local $0
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:20:20
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:37
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:4
-   (if
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:8
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:23:22
-      (select
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:23:26
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:4
-        (tee_local $3
-         ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:22
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:23
-           (i32.add
-            ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:24
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:33
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:39
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:31
+   (block
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:4
+    (if
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:8
+     (i32.gt_u
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:4
+      (tee_local $2
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:17
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:18
+         (i32.add
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:19:4
+          (tee_local $1
+           ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:19:14
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:62
-          (i32.const 16)
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:24
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:31
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:17
+      (i32.shl
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:21:4
+       (tee_local $0
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:21:22
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:39
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:6
+     (if
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:10
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:24:24
+        (select
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:24:28
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:6
+          (tee_local $3
+           ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:24
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:25
+             (i32.add
+              ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:26
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:35
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:41
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:64
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:37
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:8
+      (if
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:12
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:24
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:39
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:27:10
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:35
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:6
-    (if
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:10
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:22
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:37
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:26:8
-     (unreachable)
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:31:4
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:31:13
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:32:11
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:30:2
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:30:11
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:31:9
-  (get_local $1)
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:34:9
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
- (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/free_memory" (; 1 ;) (type $iv) (param $0 i32)
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:35:46
+ (func $~lib/allocator/arena/free_memory (; 1 ;) (type $iv) (param $0 i32)
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:38:46
  (nop)
 )
- (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/reset_memory" (; 2 ;) (type $v)
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:41:2
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:41:11
-   (get_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset")
+ (func $~lib/allocator/arena/reset_memory (; 2 ;) (type $v)
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:44:2
+  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:44:11
+   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset)
  )
 )
 (func $start (; 3 ;) (type $v)
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:25
+  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:25
   (i32.and
    (i32.add
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:26
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:26
     (get_global $HEAP_BASE)
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:38
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:38
     (i32.const 7)
    )
    (i32.const -8)
   )
  )
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:13:20
-   (get_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset")
+  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:13:20
+   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset)
  )
 )
 )
--- a/tests/allocators/arena/untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/allocators/arena/untouched.wat
@ -3,196 +3,208 @@
 (type $ii (func (param i32) (result i32)))
 (type $iv (func (param i32)))
 (type $v (func))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/common/alignment/BITS" i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE" i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/common/alignment/MASK" i32 (i32.const 7))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset" (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
- (global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset" (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $HEAP_BASE i32 (i32.const 4))
 (memory $0 1)
- (export "allocate_memory" (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/allocate_memory"))
- (export "free_memory" (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/free_memory"))
- (export "reset_memory" (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/reset_memory"))
+ (export "allocate_memory" (func $~lib/allocator/arena/allocate_memory))
+ (export "free_memory" (func $~lib/allocator/arena/free_memory))
+ (export "reset_memory" (func $~lib/allocator/arena/reset_memory))
 (export "memory" (memory $0))
 (start $start)
- (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/allocate_memory" (; 0 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
+ (func $~lib/allocator/arena/allocate_memory (; 0 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
  (local $1 i32)
  (local $2 i32)
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:2
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:17:2
+  (nop)
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:2
  (if
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:6
-   (i32.eqz
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:7
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:6
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:14
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:21
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:17:20
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:18:2
-  (set_local $1
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:18:12
-   (get_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset")
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:2
-  (set_local $2
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:15
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:16
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:22
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:29
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:40
-    (i32.xor
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:19:41
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:20:2
-  (set_local $3
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:20:20
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:2
-  (if
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:6
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:15
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:37
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:21:41
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:18:31
   (block
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:4
-    (set_local $4
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:22
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:23
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:19:4
+    (set_local $1
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:19:14
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:4
+    (set_local $2
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:17
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:18
       (i32.add
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:24
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:33
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:39
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:49
-       (i32.xor
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:50
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:24
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:31
+       (i32.const 7)
      )
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:22:62
-      (i32.const 16)
-     )
-    )
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:23:4
-    (set_local $5
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:23:22
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:23:26
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:23:39
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:42
+      (i32.xor
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:20:43
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
     )
    )
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:4
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:21:4
+    (set_local $3
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:21:22
+     (current_memory)
+    )
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:4
    (if
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:8
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:20
-       (get_local $5)
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:8
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:17
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:39
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:24:35
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:6
-     (if
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:10
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:22
-        (get_local $4)
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:22:43
+     (block
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:6
+      (set_local $4
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:24
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:25
+         (i32.add
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:26
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:35
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:41
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:51
+         (i32.xor
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:52
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:23:64
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:24:6
+      (set_local $5
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:24:24
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:24:28
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:24:41
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:6
+      (if
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:10
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:22
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:25:37
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:8
+       (if
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:12
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:24
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:26:39
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:27:10
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:25:37
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:26:8
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:31:4
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:31:13
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:32:11
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:30:2
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:30:11
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:31:9
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:34:9
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
- (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/free_memory" (; 1 ;) (type $iv) (param $0 i32)
+ (func $~lib/allocator/arena/free_memory (; 1 ;) (type $iv) (param $0 i32)
 )
- (func "$(lib)/allocator/arena/reset_memory" (; 2 ;) (type $v)
-  ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:41:2
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:41:11
-   (get_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset")
+ (func $~lib/allocator/arena/reset_memory (; 2 ;) (type $v)
+  ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:44:2
+  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:44:11
+   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset)
  )
 )
 (func $start (; 3 ;) (type $v)
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:25
+  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:25
   (i32.and
    (i32.add
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:26
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:26
     (get_global $HEAP_BASE)
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:38
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:38
     (i32.const 7)
    )
-    ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:49
+    ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:49
    (i32.xor
-     ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:12:50
+     ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:12:50
     (i32.const 7)
     (i32.const -1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/offset"
-   ;;@ (lib)/allocator/arena.ts:13:20
-   (get_global "$(lib)/allocator/arena/startOffset")
+  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+   ;;@ ~lib/allocator/arena.ts:13:20
+   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset)
  )
 )
 )
--- a/tests/allocators/buddy/optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/allocators/buddy/optimized.wat
--- a/tests/allocators/buddy/untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/allocators/buddy/untouched.wat
--- a/tests/allocators/index.js
+++ b/tests/allocators/index.js
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
+const COMMON_MAX = 1 << 30;

 function test(file) {
  console.log("Testing '" + file + "' ...\n");
@ -23,6 +24,13 @@ function test(file) {

  console.log("mem final: " + exports.memory.buffer.byteLength);
  console.log();
+
+  if (exports.allocate_memory(COMMON_MAX + 1) != 0) {
+    throw Error("allocation is allowed to overflow MAX_SIZE");
+  }
+  if (exports.allocate_memory(0xffffffff) != 0) {
+    throw Error("allocation is allowed to overflow INT_MAX");
+  }
 }

 if (process.argv.length > 2) {
--- a/tests/allocators/tlsf/optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/allocators/tlsf/optimized.wat
--- a/tests/allocators/tlsf/untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/allocators/tlsf/untouched.wat
--- a/tests/compiler/closure.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/closure.optimized.wat
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+(module
+ (memory $0 1)
+ (export "memory" (memory $0))
+)
--- a/tests/compiler/closure.ts
+++ b/tests/compiler/closure.ts
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// TODO
+
+// export function outer(): () => () => i32 {
+//   var inner: i32 = 42; // should become a global right away
+//   return function a(): () => i32 {
+//     return function b(): i32 {
+//       return inner++;
+//     };
+//   };
+// }
+
+// var fnA = outer();
+// var fnB = fnA();
+
+// assert(fnB() == 42);
+// assert(fnB() == 43);
--- a/tests/compiler/closure.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/closure.untouched.wat
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(module
+ (global $HEAP_BASE i32 (i32.const 4))
+ (memory $0 1)
+ (export "memory" (memory $0))
+)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/allocator_arena.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/allocator_arena.optimized.wat
@ -22,81 +22,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $~lib/memory/set_memory (; 2 ;) (type $iiiv) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (param $2 i32)
  (local $3 i64)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/allocator_arena.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/allocator_arena.untouched.wat
@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
 (type $iv (func (param i32)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/allocator_arena/size i32 (i32.const 42))
@ -28,100 +29,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $~lib/memory/set_memory (; 2 ;) (type $iiiv) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (param $2 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/array.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/array.optimized.wat
@ -33,81 +33,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $~lib/array/Array<i32>#get:length (; 2 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
  (i32.load offset=8
--- a/tests/compiler/std/array.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/array.untouched.wat
@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 (type $iiiii (func (param i32 i32 i32 i32) (result i32)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/array/arr (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
@ -38,100 +39,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $~lib/array/Array<i32>#get:length (; 2 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/arraybuffer.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/arraybuffer.optimized.wat
@ -22,81 +22,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $~lib/arraybuffer/ArrayBuffer#constructor (; 2 ;) (type $iii) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (result i32)
  (local $2 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/arraybuffer.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/arraybuffer.untouched.wat
@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
 (type $iiiv (func (param i32 i32 i32)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/arraybuffer/HEADER_SIZE i32 (i32.const 4))
@ -28,100 +29,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $~lib/arraybuffer/ArrayBuffer#constructor (; 2 ;) (type $iii) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/constructor.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/constructor.optimized.wat
@ -24,81 +24,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $std/constructor/EmptyCtor#constructor (; 1 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
  (if (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/constructor.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/constructor.untouched.wat
@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 (type $i (func (result i32)))
 (type $ii (func (param i32) (result i32)))
 (type $v (func))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/constructor/emptyCtor (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
@ -29,100 +30,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $std/constructor/EmptyCtor#constructor (; 1 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/new.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/new.optimized.wat
@ -15,81 +15,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $std/new/AClass#constructor (; 1 ;) (type $ifi) (param $0 i32) (param $1 f32) (result i32)
  (local $2 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/new.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/new.untouched.wat
@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 (type $ifi (func (param i32 f32) (result i32)))
 (type $ii (func (param i32) (result i32)))
 (type $v (func))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/new/aClass (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
@ -20,100 +21,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $std/new/AClass#constructor (; 1 ;) (type $ifi) (param $0 i32) (param $1 f32) (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/operator-overloading.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/operator-overloading.optimized.wat
@ -48,81 +48,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $std/operator-overloading/Tester#constructor (; 2 ;) (type $iiii) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (param $2 i32) (result i32)
  (local $3 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/operator-overloading.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/operator-overloading.untouched.wat
@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
 (type $iiiiv (func (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/operator-overloading/a1 (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
@ -53,100 +54,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $std/operator-overloading/Tester#constructor (; 2 ;) (type $iiii) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (param $2 i32) (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/set.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/set.optimized.wat
@ -21,81 +21,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $~lib/set/Set<i32>#get:size (; 2 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
  (i32.load offset=8
--- a/tests/compiler/std/set.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/set.untouched.wat
@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
 (type $iv (func (param i32)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/set/set (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
@ -26,100 +27,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $~lib/set/Set<i32>#get:size (; 2 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/static-array.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/static-array.optimized.wat
@ -59,81 +59,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $~lib/memory/copy_memory (; 4 ;) (type $iiiv) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (param $2 i32)
  (local $3 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/static-array.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/static-array.untouched.wat
@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 (type $iiFv (func (param i32 i32 f64)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/static-array/i i32 (i32.const 8))
@ -74,100 +75,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $~lib/memory/copy_memory (; 4 ;) (type $iiiv) (param $0 i32) (param $1 i32) (param $2 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/string.optimized.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/string.optimized.wat
@ -1226,81 +1226,88 @@
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (select
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
+    (get_local $0)
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (tee_local $2
-     (i32.and
-      (i32.add
-       (i32.add
-        (tee_local $1
-         (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-        )
-        (get_local $0)
-       )
-       (i32.const 7)
-      )
-      (i32.const -8)
-     )
-    )
-    (i32.shl
-     (tee_local $0
-      (current_memory)
-     )
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
-   (if
-    (i32.lt_s
-     (grow_memory
-      (select
-       (get_local $0)
-       (tee_local $4
-        (tee_local $3
-         (i32.shr_u
-          (i32.and
-           (i32.add
-            (i32.sub
-             (get_local $2)
-             (get_local $1)
-            )
-            (i32.const 65535)
-           )
-           (i32.const -65536)
+   (block
+    (if
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (tee_local $2
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.add
+         (i32.add
+          (tee_local $1
+           (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
          )
-          (i32.const 16)
+          (get_local $0)
+         )
+         (i32.const 7)
+        )
+        (i32.const -8)
+       )
+      )
+      (i32.shl
+       (tee_local $0
+        (current_memory)
+       )
+       (i32.const 16)
+      )
+     )
+     (if
+      (i32.lt_s
+       (grow_memory
+        (select
+         (get_local $0)
+         (tee_local $4
+          (tee_local $3
+           (i32.shr_u
+            (i32.and
+             (i32.add
+              (i32.sub
+               (get_local $2)
+               (get_local $1)
+              )
+              (i32.const 65535)
+             )
+             (i32.const -65536)
+            )
+            (i32.const 16)
+           )
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.gt_s
+          (get_local $0)
+          (get_local $4)
         )
        )
       )
-       (i32.gt_s
-        (get_local $0)
-        (get_local $4)
+       (i32.const 0)
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
       )
+       (unreachable)
      )
     )
-     (i32.const 0)
    )
-    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (i32.const 0)
-     )
-     (unreachable)
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
-  (get_local $1)
+  (i32.const 0)
 )
 (func $~lib/string/allocate (; 18 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
  (local $1 i32)
--- a/tests/compiler/std/string.untouched.wat
+++ b/tests/compiler/std/string.untouched.wat
@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 (type $iiiv (func (param i32 i32 i32)))
 (type $v (func))
 (import "env" "abort" (func $abort (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
- (global $~lib/allocator/common/alignment/MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_BITS i32 (i32.const 3))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_SIZE i32 (i32.const 8))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/AL_MASK i32 (i32.const 7))
+ (global $~lib/allocator/common/index/MAX_SIZE_32 i32 (i32.const 1073741824))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/startOffset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
 (global $std/string/str (mut i32) (i32.const 4))
@ -1415,100 +1416,108 @@
  (local $4 i32)
  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 i32)
+  (nop)
  (if
-   (i32.eqz
+   (if (result i32)
+    (get_local $0)
+    (i32.lt_u
+     (get_local $0)
+     (i32.const 1073741824)
+    )
    (get_local $0)
   )
-   (return
-    (i32.const 0)
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $1
-   (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
-  )
-  (set_local $2
-   (i32.and
-    (i32.add
-     (i32.add
-      (get_local $1)
-      (get_local $0)
-     )
-     (i32.const 7)
-    )
-    (i32.xor
-     (i32.const 7)
-     (i32.const -1)
-    )
-   )
-  )
-  (set_local $3
-   (current_memory)
-  )
-  (if
-   (i32.gt_u
-    (get_local $2)
-    (i32.shl
-     (get_local $3)
-     (i32.const 16)
-    )
-   )
   (block
-    (set_local $4
-     (i32.shr_u
-      (i32.and
+    (set_local $1
+     (get_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset)
+    )
+    (set_local $2
+     (i32.and
+      (i32.add
       (i32.add
-        (i32.sub
-         (get_local $2)
-         (get_local $1)
-        )
-        (i32.const 65535)
-       )
-       (i32.xor
-        (i32.const 65535)
-        (i32.const -1)
+        (get_local $1)
+        (get_local $0)
       )
+       (i32.const 7)
+      )
+      (i32.xor
+       (i32.const 7)
+       (i32.const -1)
      )
-      (i32.const 16)
     )
    )
-    (set_local $5
-     (select
-      (tee_local $5
-       (get_local $3)
-      )
-      (tee_local $6
-       (get_local $4)
-      )
-      (i32.gt_s
-       (get_local $5)
-       (get_local $6)
-      )
-     )
+    (set_local $3
+     (current_memory)
    )
    (if
-     (i32.lt_s
-      (grow_memory
-       (get_local $5)
+     (i32.gt_u
+      (get_local $2)
+      (i32.shl
+       (get_local $3)
+       (i32.const 16)
      )
-      (i32.const 0)
     )
-     (if
-      (i32.lt_s
-       (grow_memory
-        (get_local $4)
+     (block
+      (set_local $4
+       (i32.shr_u
+        (i32.and
+         (i32.add
+          (i32.sub
+           (get_local $2)
+           (get_local $1)
+          )
+          (i32.const 65535)
+         )
+         (i32.xor
+          (i32.const 65535)
+          (i32.const -1)
+         )
+        )
+        (i32.const 16)
+       )
+      )
+      (set_local $5
+       (select
+        (tee_local $5
+         (get_local $3)
+        )
+        (tee_local $6
+         (get_local $4)
+        )
+        (i32.gt_s
+         (get_local $5)
+         (get_local $6)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+      (if
+       (i32.lt_s
+        (grow_memory
+         (get_local $5)
+        )
+        (i32.const 0)
+       )
+       (if
+        (i32.lt_s
+         (grow_memory
+          (get_local $4)
+         )
+         (i32.const 0)
+        )
+        (unreachable)
       )
-       (i32.const 0)
      )
-      (unreachable)
     )
    )
+    (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
+     (get_local $2)
+    )
+    (return
+     (get_local $1)
+    )
   )
  )
-  (set_global $~lib/allocator/arena/offset
-   (get_local $2)
-  )
  (return
-   (get_local $1)
+   (i32.const 0)
  )
 )
 (func $~lib/string/allocate (; 18 ;) (type $ii) (param $0 i32) (result i32)
--- a/webpack.config.js
+++ b/webpack.config.js
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ const bin = {
        const libDir = path.join(__dirname, "std", "assembly");
        const libFiles = require("glob").sync("**/*.ts", { cwd: libDir });
        const lib = {};
-        libFiles.forEach(file => lib["~lib/" + file.replace(/\.ts$/, "")] = bundleFile(path.join(libDir, file)));
+        libFiles.forEach(file => lib[file.replace(/\.ts$/, "")] = bundleFile(path.join(libDir, file)));
        return lib;
      })(),
      BUNDLE_DEFINITIONS: {