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<ol class="chapter"><li class="affix"><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li><a href="../examples/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Examples</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../examples/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li><li><a href="../examples/console-log.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Using console.log</a></li><li><a href="../examples/add.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Small wasm files</a></li><li><a href="../examples/without-a-bundler.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Without a Bundler</a></li><li><a href="../examples/wasm2js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Converting WebAssembly to JS</a></li><li><a href="../examples/import-js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> Importing functions from JS</a></li><li><a href="../examples/char.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Working with char</a></li><li><a href="../examples/wasm-in-wasm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> js-sys: WebAssembly in WebAssembly</a></li><li><a href="../examples/dom.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> web-sys: DOM hello world</a></li><li><a href="../examples/closures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.10.</strong> web-sys: Closures</a></li><li><a href="../examples/performance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.11.</strong> web-sys: performance.now</a></li><li><a href="../examples/fetch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.12.</strong> web-sys: using fetch</a></li><li><a href="../examples/2d-canvas.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.13.</strong> web-sys: canvas hello world</a></li><li><a href="../examples/julia.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.14.</strong> web-sys: canvas Julia set</a></li><li><a href="../examples/web-audio.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.15.</strong> web-sys: WebAudio</a></li><li><a href="../examples/webgl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.16.</strong> web-sys: WebGL</a></li><li><a href="../examples/websockets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.17.</strong> web-sys: WebSockets</a></li><li><a href="../examples/webrtc_datachannel.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.18.</strong> web-sys: WebRTC DataChannel</a></li><li><a href="../examples/request-animation-frame.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.19.</strong> web-sys: requestAnimationFrame</a></li><li><a href="../examples/paint.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.20.</strong> web-sys: A Simple Paint Program</a></li><li><a href="../examples/raytrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.21.</strong> Parallel Raytracing</a></li><li><a href="../examples/todomvc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.22.</strong> web-sys: A TODO MVC App</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../reference/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Reference</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/deployment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Deployment</a></li><li><a href="../reference/js-snippets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> JS snippets</a></li><li><a href="../reference/passing-rust-closures-to-js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Passing Rust Closures to JS</a></li><li><a href="../reference/receiving-js-closures-in-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Receiving JS Closures in Rust</a></li><li><a href="../reference/js-promises-and-rust-futures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Promises and Futures</a></li><li><a href="../reference/iterating-over-js-values.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> Iterating over JS Values</a></li><li><a href="../reference/arbitrary-data-with-serde.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> Arbitrary Data with Serde</a></li><li><a href="../reference/accessing-properties-of-untyped-js-values.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> Accessing Properties of Untyped JS Values</a></li><li><a href="../reference/working-with-duck-typed-interfaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.</strong> Working with Duck-Typed Interfaces</a></li><li><a href="../reference/cli.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.10.</strong> Command Line Interface</a></li><li><a href="../reference/optimize-size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.11.</strong> Optimizing for Size</a></li><li><a href="../reference/rust-targets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.12.</strong> Supported Rust Targets</a></li><li><a href="../reference/browser-support.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.13.</strong> Supported Browsers</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.</strong> Supported Types</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/types/imported-js-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.1.</strong> Imported JavaScript Types</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/exported-rust-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.2.</strong> Exported Rust Types</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/jsvalue.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.3.</strong> JsValue</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/boxed-jsvalue-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.4.</strong> Box&lt;[JsValue]&gt;</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/pointers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.5.</strong> *const T and *mut T</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.6.</strong> Numbers</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.7.</strong> bool</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/char.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.8.</strong> char</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/str.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.9.</strong> str</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.10.</strong> String</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/number-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.11.</strong> Number Slices</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/boxed-number-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.12.</strong> Boxed Number Slices</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.13.</strong> Result&lt;T, JsValue&gt;</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.</strong> #[wasm_bindgen] Attributes</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.</strong> On JavaScript Imports</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/catch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.1.</strong> catch</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/constructor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.2.</strong> constructor</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/extends.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.3.</strong> extends</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/getter-and-setter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.4.</strong> getter and setter</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/final.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.5.</strong> final</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/indexing-getter-setter-deleter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.6.</strong> indexing_getter, indexing_setter, and indexing_deleter</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/js_class.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.7.</strong> js_class = &quot;Blah&quot;</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/js_name.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.8.</strong> js_name</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/js_namespace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.9.</strong> js_namespace</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/method.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.10.</strong> method</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/module.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.11.</strong> module = &quot;blah&quot;</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/raw_module.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.12.</strong> raw_module = &quot;blah&quot;</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/static_method_of.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.13.</strong> static_method_of = Blah</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/structural.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.14.</strong> structural</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/variadic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.15.</strong> variadic</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/vendor_prefix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.16.</strong> vendor_prefix</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.</strong> On Rust Exports</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/constructor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.1.</strong> constructor</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/js_name.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.2.</strong> js_name = Blah</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/readonly.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.3.</strong> readonly</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/skip.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.4.</strong> skip</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/start.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.5.</strong> start</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/typescript_custom_section.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.6.</strong> typescript_custom_section</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/getter-and-setter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.7.</strong> getter and setter</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/inspectable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.8.</strong> inspectable</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/skip_typescript.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.9.</strong> skip_typescript</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/typescript_type.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.10.</strong> typescript_type</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="../web-sys/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> web-sys</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../web-sys/using-web-sys.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Using web-sys</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/cargo-features.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Cargo Features</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/function-overloads.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Function Overloads</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/type-translations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Type Translations</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/inheritance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Inheritance</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/unstable-apis.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Unstable APIs</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Testing with wasm-bindgen-test</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/usage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Usage</a></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/asynchronous-tests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Writing Asynchronous Tests</a></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/browsers.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Testing in Headless Browsers</a></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/continuous-integration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> Continuous Integration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Contributing to wasm-bindgen</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Testing</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Internal Design</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/design/js-objects-in-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.1.</strong> JS Objects in Rust</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/exporting-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.2.</strong> Exporting a function to JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/exporting-rust-struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.3.</strong> Exporting a struct to JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/importing-js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.4.</strong> Importing a function from JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/importing-js-struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.5.</strong> Importing a class from JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/rust-type-conversions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.6.</strong> Rust Type conversions</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/describe.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.7.</strong> Types in wasm-bindgen</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/js-sys/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> js-sys</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/js-sys/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.1.</strong> Testing</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/js-sys/adding-more-apis.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.2.</strong> Adding More APIs</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> web-sys</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/overview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.1.</strong> Overview</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.2.</strong> Testing</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/logging.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.3.</strong> Logging</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/supporting-more-web-apis.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.4.</strong> Supporting More Web APIs</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/publishing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> Publishing</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/team.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> Team</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<h1><a class="header" href="#testing-in-headless-browsers" id="testing-in-headless-browsers">Testing in Headless Browsers</a></h1>
<h2><a class="header" href="#configure-your-test-crate" id="configure-your-test-crate">Configure Your Test Crate</a></h2>
<p>Add this to the root of your test crate, e.g. <code>$MY_CRATE/tests/web.rs</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playpen"><code class="language-rust">
# #![allow(unused_variables)]
#fn main() {
use wasm_bindgen_test::wasm_bindgen_test_configure;
wasm_bindgen_test_configure!(run_in_browser);
#}</code></pre></pre>
<p>Note that although a particular test crate must target either headless browsers
or Node.js, you can have test suites for both Node.js and browsers for your
project by using multiple test crates. For example:</p>
<pre><code>$MY_CRATE/
`-- tests
|-- node.rs # The tests in this suite use the default Node.js.
`-- web.rs # The tests in this suite are configured for browsers.
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#configuring-which-browser-is-used" id="configuring-which-browser-is-used">Configuring Which Browser is Used</a></h2>
<p>To control which browser is used for headless testing, use the appropriate flag
with <code>wasm-pack test</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>wasm-pack test --chrome</code> — Run the tests in Chrome. This machine must
have Chrome installed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>wasm-pack test --firefox</code> — Run the tests in Firefox. This machine must
have Firefox installed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>wasm-pack test --safari</code> — Run the tests in Safari. This machine must
have Safari installed.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>If multiple browser flags are passed, the tests will be run under each browser.</p>
<h2><a class="header" href="#running-the-tests-in-the-headless-browser" id="running-the-tests-in-the-headless-browser">Running the Tests in the Headless Browser</a></h2>
<p>Once the tests are configured to run in a headless browser, just run <code>wasm-pack test</code> with the appropriate browser flags and <code>--headless</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">wasm-pack test --headless --chrome --firefox --safari
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#configuring-headless-browser-capabilities" id="configuring-headless-browser-capabilities">Configuring Headless Browser capabilities</a></h2>
<p>Add the file <code>webdriver.json</code> to the root of your crate. Each browser has own
section for capabilities. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-json">{
&quot;moz:firefoxOptions&quot;: {
&quot;prefs&quot;: {
&quot;media.navigator.streams.fake&quot;: true,
&quot;media.navigator.permission.disabled&quot;: true
},
&quot;args&quot;: []
},
&quot;goog:chromeOptions&quot;: {
&quot;args&quot;: [
&quot;--use-fake-device-for-media-stream&quot;,
&quot;--use-fake-ui-for-media-stream&quot;
]
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>Full list supported capabilities can be found:</p>
<ul>
<li>for Chrome - <a href="https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/">here</a></li>
<li>for Firefox - <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/firefoxOptions">here</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Note that the <code>headless</code> argument is always enabled for both browsers.</p>
<h3><a class="header" href="#debugging-headless-browser-tests" id="debugging-headless-browser-tests">Debugging Headless Browser Tests</a></h3>
<p>Omitting the <code>--headless</code> flag will disable headless mode, and allow you to
debug failing tests in your browser's devtools.</p>
<hr />
<h2><a class="header" href="#appendix-testing-in-headless-browsers-without-wasm-pack" id="appendix-testing-in-headless-browsers-without-wasm-pack">Appendix: Testing in headless browsers without <code>wasm-pack</code></a></h2>
<p><strong>⚠️ The recommended way to use <code>wasm-bindgen-test</code> is with <code>wasm-pack</code>, since it
will handle installing the test runner, installing a WebDriver client for your
browser, and informing <code>cargo</code> how to use the custom test runner.</strong> However, you
can also manage those tasks yourself, if you wish.</p>
<h3><a class="header" href="#configuring-which-browser-is-used-1" id="configuring-which-browser-is-used-1">Configuring Which Browser is Used</a></h3>
<p>If one of the following environment variables is set, then the corresponding
WebDriver and browser will be used. If none of these environment variables are
set, then the <code>$PATH</code> is searched for a suitable WebDriver implementation.</p>
<h4><a class="header" href="#geckodriverpathtogeckodriver" id="geckodriverpathtogeckodriver"><code>GECKODRIVER=path/to/geckodriver</code></a></h4>
<p>Use Firefox for headless browser testing, and <code>geckodriver</code> as its
WebDriver.</p>
<p>The <code>firefox</code> binary must be on your <code>$PATH</code>.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases">Get <code>geckodriver</code> here</a></p>
<h4><a class="header" href="#chromedriverpathtochromedriver" id="chromedriverpathtochromedriver"><code>CHROMEDRIVER=path/to/chromedriver</code></a></h4>
<p>Use Chrome for headless browser testing, and <code>chromedriver</code> as its
WebDriver.</p>
<p>The <code>chrome</code> binary must be on your <code>$PATH</code>.</p>
<p><a href="http://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads">Get <code>chromedriver</code> here</a></p>
<h4><a class="header" href="#safaridriverpathtosafaridriver" id="safaridriverpathtosafaridriver"><code>SAFARIDRIVER=path/to/safaridriver</code></a></h4>
<p>Use Safari for headless browser testing, and <code>safaridriver</code> as its
WebDriver.</p>
<p>This is installed by default on Mac OS. It should be able to find your Safari
installation by default.</p>
<h3><a class="header" href="#running-the-tests-in-the-remote-headless-browser" id="running-the-tests-in-the-remote-headless-browser">Running the Tests in the Remote Headless Browser</a></h3>
<p>Tests can be run on a remote webdriver. To do this, the above environment
variables must be set as URL to the remote webdriver. For example:</p>
<pre><code>CHROMEDRIVER_REMOTE=http://remote.host/
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#running-the-tests-in-the-headless-browser-1" id="running-the-tests-in-the-headless-browser-1">Running the Tests in the Headless Browser</a></h3>
<p>Once the tests are configured to run in a headless browser and the appropriate
environment variables are set, executing the tests for headless browsers is the
same as executing them for Node.js:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">cargo test --target wasm32-unknown-unknown
</code></pre>
<h4><a class="header" href="#debugging-headless-browser-tests-1" id="debugging-headless-browser-tests-1">Debugging Headless Browser Tests</a></h4>
<p>Set the <code>NO_HEADLESS=1</code> environment variable and the browser tests will not run
headless. Instead, the tests will start a local server that you can visit in
your Web browser of choices, and headless testing should not be used. You can
then use your browser's devtools to debug.</p>
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