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<ol class="chapter"><li class="affix"><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li><a href="../examples/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Examples</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../examples/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li><li><a href="../examples/console-log.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Using console.log</a></li><li><a href="../examples/add.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Small wasm files</a></li><li><a href="../examples/without-a-bundler.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Without a Bundler</a></li><li><a href="../examples/wasm2js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Converting WebAssembly to JS</a></li><li><a href="../examples/import-js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> Importing functions from JS</a></li><li><a href="../examples/char.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Working with char</a></li><li><a href="../examples/wasm-in-wasm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> js-sys: WebAssembly in WebAssembly</a></li><li><a href="../examples/dom.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> web-sys: DOM hello world</a></li><li><a href="../examples/closures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.10.</strong> web-sys: Closures</a></li><li><a href="../examples/performance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.11.</strong> web-sys: performance.now</a></li><li><a href="../examples/fetch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.12.</strong> web-sys: using fetch</a></li><li><a href="../examples/2d-canvas.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.13.</strong> web-sys: canvas hello world</a></li><li><a href="../examples/julia.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.14.</strong> web-sys: canvas Julia set</a></li><li><a href="../examples/web-audio.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.15.</strong> web-sys: WebAudio</a></li><li><a href="../examples/webgl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.16.</strong> web-sys: WebGL</a></li><li><a href="../examples/websockets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.17.</strong> web-sys: WebSockets</a></li><li><a href="../examples/webrtc_datachannel.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.18.</strong> web-sys: WebRTC DataChannel</a></li><li><a href="../examples/request-animation-frame.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.19.</strong> web-sys: requestAnimationFrame</a></li><li><a href="../examples/paint.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.20.</strong> web-sys: A Simple Paint Program</a></li><li><a href="../examples/raytrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.21.</strong> Parallel Raytracing</a></li><li><a href="../examples/todomvc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.22.</strong> web-sys: A TODO MVC App</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../reference/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Reference</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/deployment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Deployment</a></li><li><a href="../reference/js-snippets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> JS snippets</a></li><li><a href="../reference/passing-rust-closures-to-js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Passing Rust Closures to JS</a></li><li><a href="../reference/receiving-js-closures-in-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Receiving JS Closures in Rust</a></li><li><a href="../reference/js-promises-and-rust-futures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Promises and Futures</a></li><li><a href="../reference/iterating-over-js-values.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> Iterating over JS Values</a></li><li><a href="../reference/arbitrary-data-with-serde.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> Arbitrary Data with Serde</a></li><li><a href="../reference/accessing-properties-of-untyped-js-values.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> Accessing Properties of Untyped JS Values</a></li><li><a href="../reference/working-with-duck-typed-interfaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.</strong> Working with Duck-Typed Interfaces</a></li><li><a href="../reference/cli.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.10.</strong> Command Line Interface</a></li><li><a href="../reference/optimize-size.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.11.</strong> Optimizing for Size</a></li><li><a href="../reference/rust-targets.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.12.</strong> Supported Rust Targets</a></li><li><a href="../reference/browser-support.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.13.</strong> Supported Browsers</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.</strong> Supported Types</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/types/imported-js-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.1.</strong> Imported JavaScript Types</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/exported-rust-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.2.</strong> Exported Rust Types</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/jsvalue.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.3.</strong> JsValue</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/boxed-jsvalue-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.4.</strong> Box<[JsValue]></a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/pointers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.5.</strong> *const T and *mut T</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.6.</strong> Numbers</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.7.</strong> bool</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/char.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.8.</strong> char</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/str.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.9.</strong> str</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.10.</strong> String</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/number-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.11.</strong> Number Slices</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/boxed-number-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.12.</strong> Boxed Number Slices</a></li><li><a href="../reference/types/result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.13.</strong> Result<T, JsValue></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.</strong> #[wasm_bindgen] Attributes</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.</strong> On JavaScript Imports</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/catch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.1.</strong> catch</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/constructor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.2.</strong> constructor</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/extends.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.3.</strong> extends</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/getter-and-setter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.4.</strong> getter and setter</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/final.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.5.</strong> final</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/indexing-getter-setter-deleter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.6.</strong> indexing_getter, indexing_setter, and indexing_deleter</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/js_class.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.7.</strong> js_class = "Blah"</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/js_name.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.8.</strong> js_name</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/js_namespace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.9.</strong> js_namespace</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-js-imports/method.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.1.10.</strong> method</a></li><li><a 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class="section"><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/constructor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.1.</strong> constructor</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/js_name.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.2.</strong> js_name = Blah</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/readonly.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.3.</strong> readonly</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/skip.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.4.</strong> skip</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/start.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.5.</strong> start</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/typescript_custom_section.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.6.</strong> typescript_custom_section</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/getter-and-setter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.7.</strong> getter and setter</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/inspectable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.8.</strong> inspectable</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/skip_typescript.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.9.</strong> skip_typescript</a></li><li><a href="../reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/typescript_type.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.15.2.10.</strong> typescript_type</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="../web-sys/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> web-sys</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../web-sys/using-web-sys.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Using web-sys</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/cargo-features.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Cargo Features</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/function-overloads.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Function Overloads</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/type-translations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Type Translations</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/inheritance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Inheritance</a></li><li><a href="../web-sys/unstable-apis.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Unstable APIs</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Testing with wasm-bindgen-test</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/usage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Usage</a></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/asynchronous-tests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Writing Asynchronous Tests</a></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/browsers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Testing in Headless Browsers</a></li><li><a href="../wasm-bindgen-test/continuous-integration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> Continuous Integration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Contributing to wasm-bindgen</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Testing</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Internal Design</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/design/js-objects-in-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.1.</strong> JS Objects in Rust</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/exporting-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.2.</strong> Exporting a function to JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/exporting-rust-struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.3.</strong> Exporting a struct to JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/importing-js.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.4.</strong> Importing a function from JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/importing-js-struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.5.</strong> Importing a class from JS</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/rust-type-conversions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.6.</strong> Rust Type conversions</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/design/describe.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.7.</strong> Types in wasm-bindgen</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/js-sys/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> js-sys</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/js-sys/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.1.</strong> Testing</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/js-sys/adding-more-apis.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.2.</strong> Adding More APIs</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> web-sys</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/overview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.1.</strong> Overview</a></li><li><a href="../contributing/web-sys/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.2.</strong> Testing</a></li><li><a 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<div id="content" class="content">
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<main>
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<h1><a class="header" href="#supported-browsers" id="supported-browsers">Supported Browsers</a></h1>
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|
<p>The output of <code>wasm-bindgen</code> includes a JS file, and as a result it's good to
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|
know what browsers that file is expected to be used in! By default the output
|
|
uses ES modules which isn't implemented in all browsers today, but when using a
|
|
bundler (like Webpack) you should be able to produce output suitable for all
|
|
browsers.</p>
|
|
<p>Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Edge browsers are all supported by
|
|
<code>wasm-bindgen</code>. If you find a problem in one of these browsers please <a href="https://github.com/rustwasm/wasm-bindgen/issues/new">report
|
|
it</a> as we'd like to fix the bug! If you find a bug in another browser we would
|
|
also like to be aware of it!</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="header" href="#caveats" id="caveats">Caveats</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>IE 11</strong> - <code>wasm-bindgen</code> by default requires support for
|
|
<code>WebAssembly</code>, but no version of IE currently supports <code>WebAssembly</code>. You can
|
|
support IE by <a href="https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen">compiling wasm files to JS using <code>wasm2js</code></a> (you can <a href="../examples/wasm2js.html">see
|
|
an example of doing this too</a>). Note
|
|
that at this time no bundler will do this by default, but we'd love to
|
|
document plugins which do this if you are aware of one!</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>Edge</strong> - the <code>TextEncoder</code> and <code>TextDecoder</code> APIs are not currently
|
|
available in Edge which <code>wasm-bindgen</code> uses to encode/decode strings between
|
|
JS and Rust. You can polyfill this with at least one of two strategies:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If using a bundler, you can likely configure the bundler to polyfill these
|
|
types by default. For example if you're using Webpack you can use the
|
|
<a href="https://webpack.js.org/plugins/provide-plugin/"><code>ProvidePlugin</code> interface</a> like so after also adding
|
|
<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/text-encoding"><code>text-encoding</code></a> to your <code>package.json</code></p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-js">const webpack = require('webpack');
|
|
|
|
module.exports = {
|
|
plugins: [
|
|
new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
|
|
TextDecoder: ['text-encoding', 'TextDecoder'],
|
|
TextEncoder: ['text-encoding', 'TextEncoder']
|
|
})
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
// ... other configuration options
|
|
};
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p><strong>Warning:</strong> doing this implies the polyfill will always be used,
|
|
even if native APIs are available. This has a very significant
|
|
performance impact (the polyfill was measured to be 100x slower in Chromium)!</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If you're not using a bundler you can also include support manually by
|
|
adding a <code><script></code> tag which defines the <code>TextEncoder</code> and <code>TextDecoder</code>
|
|
globals. <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40662142/polyfill-for-textdecoder/46549188#46549188">This StackOverflow question</a> has some example usage and MDN
|
|
has a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextEncoder#Polyfill"><code>TextEncoder</code> polyfill implementation</a> to get you started
|
|
as well.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>BigInt and <code>u64</code></strong> - currently the WebAssembly specification for the web
|
|
forbids the usage of 64-bit integers (Rust types <code>i64</code> and <code>u64</code>) in
|
|
exported/imported functions. When using <code>wasm-bindgen</code>, however, <code>u64</code> is
|
|
allowed! The reason for this is that it's translated to the <code>BigInt</code> type in
|
|
JS. The <code>BigInt</code> class, however, is only currently supported in Chrome 67+ and
|
|
Firefox 68+ (as of the time of this writing) and isn't supported in Edge or
|
|
Safari, for example. For more, up-to-date details, see <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=bigint"><code>BigInt</code> on Can I
|
|
use...</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>If you find other incompatibilities please report them to us! We'd love to
|
|
either keep this list up-to-date or fix the underlying bugs :)</p>
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