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running in prod
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Zach Ramsay
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# Running in production
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## Logging
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Default logging level (`main:info,state:info,*:`) should suffice for
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normal operation mode. Read [this
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post](https://blog.cosmos.network/one-of-the-exciting-new-features-in-0-10-0-release-is-smart-log-level-flag-e2506b4ab756)
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for details on how to configure `log_level` config variable. Some of the
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modules can be found [here](./how-to-read-logs.md#list-of-modules). If
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you're trying to debug Tendermint or asked to provide logs with debug
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logging level, you can do so by running tendermint with
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`--log_level="*:debug"`.
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## DOS Exposure and Mitigation
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Validators are supposed to setup [Sentry Node
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Architecture](https://blog.cosmos.network/tendermint-explained-bringing-bft-based-pos-to-the-public-blockchain-domain-f22e274a0fdb)
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to prevent Denial-of-service attacks. You can read more about it
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[here](https://github.com/tendermint/aib-data/blob/develop/medium/TendermintBFT.md).
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### P2P
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The core of the Tendermint peer-to-peer system is `MConnection`. Each
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connection has `MaxPacketMsgPayloadSize`, which is the maximum packet
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size and bounded send & receive queues. One can impose restrictions on
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send & receive rate per connection (`SendRate`, `RecvRate`).
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### RPC
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Endpoints returning multiple entries are limited by default to return 30
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elements (100 max).
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Rate-limiting and authentication are another key aspects to help protect
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against DOS attacks. While in the future we may implement these
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features, for now, validators are supposed to use external tools like
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[NGINX](https://www.nginx.com/blog/rate-limiting-nginx/) or
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[traefik](https://docs.traefik.io/configuration/commons/#rate-limiting)
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to achieve the same things.
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## Debugging Tendermint
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If you ever have to debug Tendermint, the first thing you should
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probably do is to check out the logs. See ["How to read
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logs"](./how-to-read-logs.md), where we explain what certain log
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statements mean.
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If, after skimming through the logs, things are not clear still, the
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second TODO is to query the /status RPC endpoint. It provides the
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necessary info: whenever the node is syncing or not, what height it is
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on, etc.
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$ curl http(s)://{ip}:{rpcPort}/status
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`dump_consensus_state` will give you a detailed overview of the
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consensus state (proposer, lastest validators, peers states). From it,
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you should be able to figure out why, for example, the network had
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halted.
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$ curl http(s)://{ip}:{rpcPort}/dump_consensus_state
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There is a reduced version of this endpoint - `consensus_state`, which
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returns just the votes seen at the current height.
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- [Github Issues](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues)
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- [StackOverflow
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questions](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tendermint)
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## Monitoring Tendermint
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Each Tendermint instance has a standard `/health` RPC endpoint, which
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responds with 200 (OK) if everything is fine and 500 (or no response) -
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if something is wrong.
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Other useful endpoints include mentioned earlier `/status`, `/net_info` and
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`/validators`.
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We have a small tool, called `tm-monitor`, which outputs information from
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the endpoints above plus some statistics. The tool can be found
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[here](https://github.com/tendermint/tools/tree/master/tm-monitor).
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## What happens when my app dies?
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You are supposed to run Tendermint under a [process
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supervisor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_supervision) (like
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systemd or runit). It will ensure Tendermint is always running (despite
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possible errors).
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Getting back to the original question, if your application dies,
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Tendermint will panic. After a process supervisor restarts your
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application, Tendermint should be able to reconnect successfully. The
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order of restart does not matter for it.
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## Signal handling
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We catch SIGINT and SIGTERM and try to clean up nicely. For other
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signals we use the default behaviour in Go: [Default behavior of signals
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in Go
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programs](https://golang.org/pkg/os/signal/#hdr-Default_behavior_of_signals_in_Go_programs).
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## Hardware
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### Processor and Memory
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While actual specs vary depending on the load and validators count,
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minimal requirements are:
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- 1GB RAM
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- 25GB of disk space
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- 1.4 GHz CPU
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SSD disks are preferable for applications with high transaction
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throughput.
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Recommended:
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- 2GB RAM
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- 100GB SSD
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- x64 2.0 GHz 2v CPU
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While for now, Tendermint stores all the history and it may require
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significant disk space over time, we are planning to implement state
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syncing (See
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[this issue](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/828)). So,
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storing all the past blocks will not be necessary.
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### Operating Systems
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Tendermint can be compiled for a wide range of operating systems thanks
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to Go language (the list of \$OS/\$ARCH pairs can be found
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[here](https://golang.org/doc/install/source#environment)).
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While we do not favor any operation system, more secure and stable Linux
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server distributions (like Centos) should be preferred over desktop
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operation systems (like Mac OS).
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### Miscellaneous
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NOTE: if you are going to use Tendermint in a public domain, make sure
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you read [hardware recommendations (see "4.
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Hardware")](https://cosmos.network/validators) for a validator in the
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Cosmos network.
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## Configuration parameters
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- `p2p.flush_throttle_timeout` `p2p.max_packet_msg_payload_size`
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`p2p.send_rate` `p2p.recv_rate`
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If you are going to use Tendermint in a private domain and you have a
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private high-speed network among your peers, it makes sense to lower
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flush throttle timeout and increase other params.
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[p2p]
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send_rate=20000000 # 2MB/s
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recv_rate=20000000 # 2MB/s
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flush_throttle_timeout=10
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max_packet_msg_payload_size=10240 # 10KB
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- `mempool.recheck`
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After every block, Tendermint rechecks every transaction left in the
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mempool to see if transactions committed in that block affected the
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application state, so some of the transactions left may become invalid.
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If that does not apply to your application, you can disable it by
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setting `mempool.recheck=false`.
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- `mempool.broadcast`
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Setting this to false will stop the mempool from relaying transactions
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to other peers until they are included in a block. It means only the
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peer you send the tx to will see it until it is included in a block.
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- `consensus.skip_timeout_commit`
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We want `skip_timeout_commit=false` when there is economics on the line
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because proposers should wait to hear for more votes. But if you don't
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care about that and want the fastest consensus, you can skip it. It will
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be kept false by default for public deployments (e.g. [Cosmos
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Hub](https://cosmos.network/intro/hub)) while for enterprise
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applications, setting it to true is not a problem.
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- `consensus.peer_gossip_sleep_duration`
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You can try to reduce the time your node sleeps before checking if
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theres something to send its peers.
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- `consensus.timeout_commit`
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You can also try lowering `timeout_commit` (time we sleep before
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proposing the next block).
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- `consensus.max_block_size_txs`
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By default, the maximum number of transactions per a block is 10_000.
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Feel free to change it to suit your needs.
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