Multiple connections per peer (#1440)

* Allow multiple connections per peer in libp2p-core.

Instead of trying to enforce a single connection per peer,
which involves quite a bit of additional complexity e.g.
to prioritise simultaneously opened connections and can
have other undesirable consequences [1], we now
make multiple connections per peer a feature.

The gist of these changes is as follows:

The concept of a "node" with an implicit 1-1 correspondence
to a connection has been replaced with the "first-class"
concept of a "connection". The code from `src/nodes` has moved
(with varying degrees of modification) to `src/connection`.
A `HandledNode` has become a `Connection`, a `NodeHandler` a
`ConnectionHandler`, the `CollectionStream` was the basis for
the new `connection::Pool`, and so forth.

Conceptually, a `Network` contains a `connection::Pool` which
in turn internally employs the `connection::Manager` for
handling the background `connection::manager::Task`s, one
per connection, as before. These are all considered implementation
details. On the public API, `Peer`s are managed as before through
the `Network`, except now the API has changed with the shift of focus
to (potentially multiple) connections per peer. The `NetworkEvent`s have
accordingly also undergone changes.

The Swarm APIs remain largely unchanged, except for the fact that
`inject_replaced` is no longer called. It may now practically happen
that multiple `ProtocolsHandler`s are associated with a single
`NetworkBehaviour`, one per connection. If implementations of
`NetworkBehaviour` rely somehow on communicating with exactly
one `ProtocolsHandler`, this may cause issues, but it is unlikely.

[1]: https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/issues/4272

* Fix intra-rustdoc links.

* Update core/src/connection/pool.rs

Co-Authored-By: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>

* Address some review feedback and fix doc links.

* Allow responses to be sent on the same connection.

* Remove unnecessary remainders of inject_replaced.

* Update swarm/src/behaviour.rs

Co-Authored-By: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>

* Update swarm/src/lib.rs

Co-Authored-By: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>

* Update core/src/connection/manager.rs

Co-Authored-By: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>

* Update core/src/connection/manager.rs

Co-Authored-By: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>

* Update core/src/connection/pool.rs

Co-Authored-By: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>

* Incorporate more review feedback.

* Move module declaration below imports.

* Update core/src/connection/manager.rs

Co-Authored-By: Toralf Wittner <tw@dtex.org>

* Update core/src/connection/manager.rs

Co-Authored-By: Toralf Wittner <tw@dtex.org>

* Simplify as per review.

* Fix rustoc link.

* Add try_notify_handler and simplify.

* Relocate DialingConnection and DialingAttempt.

For better visibility constraints.

* Small cleanup.

* Small cleanup. More robust EstablishedConnectionIter.

* Clarify semantics of `DialingPeer::connect`.

* Don't call inject_disconnected on InvalidPeerId.

To preserve the previous behavior and ensure calls to
`inject_disconnected` are always paired with calls to
`inject_connected`.

* Provide public ConnectionId constructor.

Mainly needed for testing purposes, e.g. in substrate.

* Move the established connection limit check to the right place.

* Clean up connection error handling.

Separate connection errors into those occuring during
connection setup or upon rejecting a newly established
connection (the `PendingConnectionError`) and those
errors occurring on previously established connections,
i.e. for which a `ConnectionEstablished` event has
been emitted by the connection pool earlier.

* Revert change in log level and clarify an invariant.

* Remove inject_replaced entirely.

* Allow notifying all connection handlers.

Thereby simplify by introducing a new enum `NotifyHandler`,
used with a single constructor `NetworkBehaviourAction::NotifyHandler`.

* Finishing touches.

Small API simplifications and code deduplication.
Some more useful debug logging.

Co-authored-by: Max Inden <mail@max-inden.de>
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Toralf Wittner <tw@dtex.org>

protocols/ping/src/lib.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub mod handler;
 pub use handler::{PingConfig, PingResult, PingSuccess, PingFailure};
 use handler::PingHandler;
 
-use libp2p_core::{ConnectedPoint, Multiaddr, PeerId};
+use libp2p_core::{ConnectedPoint, Multiaddr, PeerId, connection::ConnectionId};
 use libp2p_swarm::{NetworkBehaviour, NetworkBehaviourAction, PollParameters};
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, task::Context, task::Poll};
 use void::Void;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl NetworkBehaviour for Ping {
 
     fn inject_disconnected(&mut self, _: &PeerId, _: ConnectedPoint) {}
 
-    fn inject_node_event(&mut self, peer: PeerId, result: PingResult) {
+    fn inject_event(&mut self, peer: PeerId, _: ConnectionId, result: PingResult) {
         self.events.push_front(PingEvent { peer, result })
     }