feat(compiler): Add warnings subsystem [fixes LNG117] (#906)

* ErrorsAlgebra -> ReportAlgebra

* Refactor ReportAlgebra

* Refactor

* Refactor AquaError

* Fixes

* Add warnings, refactor

* Refactor parser

* Move semantics

* Savepoint

* Refactor semantics and compiler

* Refactor types

* Refactor compiler

* Refactor compiler

* Refactor types

* Refactor retunr types

* Return warnings

* Add simple warning

* Refactor to ValidatedNec

* Refactor

* Add comment

* Propagate warnings to LspContext

* Propagate warnings to LSP

* Add warnings to js api

* Update LSP js api

* Use export declare

* Add comment

* Refactor span rendering

* Remove variable name warning

* Add warning on unused call results

* Add unit tests

* Remove println

api/api-npm/index.d.ts

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 import { ServiceDef, FunctionCallDef } from "@fluencelabs/interfaces";
 
-export class AquaFunction {
+export declare class AquaFunction {
   funcDef: FunctionCallDef;
   script: string;
 }
 
-export class GeneratedSource {
+export declare class GeneratedSource {
   name: string;
   tsSource?: string;
   jsSource?: string;
   tsTypes?: string;
 }
 
-class CompilationResult {
+export declare class CompilationResult {
   services: Record<string, ServiceDef>;
   functions: Record<string, AquaFunction>;
   functionCall?: AquaFunction;
   errors: string[];
+  warnings: string[];
   generatedSources: GeneratedSource[];
 }
 

api/api/.js/src/main/scala/api/AquaAPI.scala

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package api
 
 import api.types.{AquaConfig, AquaFunction, CompilationResult, GeneratedSource, Input}
-import aqua.ErrorRendering.showError
+import aqua.Rendering.given
 import aqua.raw.value.ValueRaw
-import aqua.api.{APICompilation, AquaAPIConfig}
+import aqua.api.{APICompilation, APIResult, AquaAPIConfig}
 import aqua.api.TargetType.*
 import aqua.backend.air.AirBackend
 import aqua.backend.{AirFunction, Backend, Generated}
@@ -13,18 +13,24 @@ import aqua.logging.{LogFormatter, LogLevels}
 import aqua.constants.Constants
 import aqua.io.*
 import aqua.raw.ops.Call
-import aqua.run.{CallInfo, CallPreparer, CliFunc, FuncCompiler, RunPreparer}
+import aqua.run.{CliFunc, FuncCompiler}
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, Token}
 import aqua.parser.lift.FileSpan.F
 import aqua.parser.lift.{FileSpan, Span}
 import aqua.parser.{ArrowReturnError, BlockIndentError, LexerError, ParserError}
-import aqua.semantics.{CompilerState, HeaderError, RulesViolated, WrongAST}
 import aqua.{AquaIO, SpanParser}
 import aqua.model.transform.{Transform, TransformConfig}
 import aqua.backend.api.APIBackend
 import aqua.backend.js.JavaScriptBackend
 import aqua.backend.ts.TypeScriptBackend
 import aqua.definitions.FunctionDef
+import aqua.js.{FunctionDefJs, ServiceDefJs, VarJson}
+import aqua.model.AquaContext
+import aqua.raw.ops.CallArrowRawTag
+import aqua.raw.value.{LiteralRaw, VarRaw}
+import aqua.res.AquaRes
+
+import cats.Applicative
 import cats.data.{Chain, NonEmptyChain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
 import cats.data.Validated.{invalidNec, validNec, Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
@@ -35,6 +41,7 @@ import cats.effect.IO
 import cats.effect.unsafe.implicits.global
 import cats.syntax.show.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 import fs2.io.file.{Files, Path}
 import scribe.Logging
 
@@ -44,12 +51,6 @@ import scala.scalajs.js.{|, undefined, Promise, UndefOr}
 import scala.scalajs.js
 import scala.scalajs.js.JSConverters.*
 import scala.scalajs.js.annotation.*
-import aqua.js.{FunctionDefJs, ServiceDefJs, VarJson}
-import aqua.model.AquaContext
-import aqua.raw.ops.CallArrowRawTag
-import aqua.raw.value.{LiteralRaw, VarRaw}
-import aqua.res.AquaRes
-import cats.Applicative
 
 @JSExportTopLevel("Aqua")
 object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
@@ -68,11 +69,9 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
     aquaConfigJS: js.UndefOr[AquaConfig]
   ): Promise[CompilationResult] = {
     aquaConfigJS.toOption
-      .map(cjs => AquaConfig.fromJS(cjs))
+      .map(AquaConfig.fromJS)
-      .getOrElse(
+      .getOrElse(validNec(AquaAPIConfig()))
-        validNec(AquaAPIConfig())
+      .traverse { config =>
-      )
-      .map { config =>
         val importsList = imports.toList
 
         input match {
@@ -82,10 +81,10 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
             compileCall(c, importsList, config)
 
         }
-      } match {
-      case Valid(v) => v.unsafeToFuture().toJSPromise
-      case Invalid(errs) => js.Promise.resolve(CompilationResult.errs(errs.toChain.toList))
       }
+      .map(_.leftMap(errs => CompilationResult.errs(errs.toChain.toList)).merge)
+      .unsafeToFuture()
+      .toJSPromise
   }
 
   // Compile all non-call inputs
@@ -100,15 +99,17 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
       case JavaScriptType => JavaScriptBackend()
     }
 
-    extension (res: IO[ValidatedNec[String, Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]])
+    extension (res: APIResult[Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]])
-      def toResult: IO[CompilationResult] = res.map { compiledV =>
+      def toResult: CompilationResult = {
-        compiledV.map { compiled =>
+        val (warnings, result) = res.value.run
-          config.targetType match {
+
-            case AirType => generatedToAirResult(compiled)
+        result.map { compiled =>
-            case TypeScriptType => compiledToTsSourceResult(compiled)
+          (config.targetType match {
-            case JavaScriptType => compiledToJsSourceResult(compiled)
+            case AirType => generatedToAirResult
-          }
+            case TypeScriptType => compiledToTsSourceResult
-        }.leftMap(errorsToResult).merge
+            case JavaScriptType => compiledToJsSourceResult
+          }).apply(compiled, warnings)
+        }.leftMap(errorsToResult(_, warnings)).merge
       }
 
     input match {
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
             config,
             backend
           )
-          .toResult
+          .map(_.toResult)
       case p: types.Path =>
         APICompilation
           .compilePath(
@@ -129,23 +130,33 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
             config,
             backend
           )
-          .toResult
+          .map(_.toResult)
     }
 
   }
 
-  private def compileCall(call: types.Call, imports: List[String], config: AquaAPIConfig) = {
+  // Compile a function call
+  private def compileCall(
+    call: types.Call,
+    imports: List[String],
+    config: AquaAPIConfig
+  ): IO[CompilationResult] = {
     val path = call.input match {
       case i: types.Input => i.input
       case p: types.Path => p.path
     }
 
-    extension (res: IO[ValidatedNec[String, (FunctionDef, String)]])
+    extension (res: APIResult[(FunctionDef, String)])
-      def callToResult: IO[CompilationResult] = res.map(
+      def callToResult: CompilationResult = {
-        _.map { case (definitions, air) =>
+        val (warnings, result) = res.value.run
-          CompilationResult.result(call = Some(AquaFunction(FunctionDefJs(definitions), air)))
+
-        }.leftMap(errorsToResult).merge
+        result.map { case (definitions, air) =>
+          CompilationResult.result(
+            call = Some(AquaFunction(FunctionDefJs(definitions), air)),
+            warnings = warnings.toList
           )
+        }.leftMap(errorsToResult(_, warnings)).merge
+      }
 
     APICompilation
       .compileCall(
@@ -155,34 +166,36 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
         config,
         vr => VarJson.checkDataGetServices(vr, Some(call.arguments)).map(_._1)
       )
-      .callToResult
+      .map(_.callToResult)
   }
 
-  private def errorsToResult(errors: NonEmptyChain[String]): CompilationResult = {
+  private def errorsToResult(
-    CompilationResult.errs(errors.toChain.toList)
+    errors: NonEmptyChain[String],
-  }
+    warnings: Chain[String]
-
+  ): CompilationResult = CompilationResult.errs(
-  extension (res: List[GeneratedSource])
+    errors.toChain.toList,
-
+    warnings.toList
-    def toSourcesResult: CompilationResult =
+  )
-      CompilationResult.result(sources = res.toJSArray)
 
   private def compiledToTsSourceResult(
-    compiled: Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]
+    compiled: Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]],
-  ): CompilationResult =
+    warnings: Chain[String]
-    compiled.toList
+  ): CompilationResult = CompilationResult.result(
+    sources = compiled.toList
       .flatMap(c =>
         c.compiled
           .find(_.suffix == TypeScriptBackend.ext)
           .map(_.content)
           .map(GeneratedSource.tsSource(c.sourceId.toString, _))
+      ),
+    warnings = warnings.toList
   )
-      .toSourcesResult
 
   private def compiledToJsSourceResult(
-    compiled: Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]
+    compiled: Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]],
-  ): CompilationResult =
+    warnings: Chain[String]
-    compiled.toList.flatMap { c =>
+  ): CompilationResult = CompilationResult.result(
+    sources = compiled.toList.flatMap { c =>
       for {
         dtsContent <- c.compiled
           .find(_.suffix == JavaScriptBackend.dtsExt)
@@ -191,20 +204,24 @@ object AquaAPI extends App with Logging {
           .find(_.suffix == JavaScriptBackend.ext)
           .map(_.content)
       } yield GeneratedSource.jsSource(c.sourceId.toString, jsContent, dtsContent)
-    }.toSourcesResult
+    },
+    warnings = warnings.toList
+  )
 
   private def generatedToAirResult(
-    compiled: Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]
+    compiled: Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]],
+    warnings: Chain[String]
   ): CompilationResult = {
     val generated = compiled.toList.flatMap(_.compiled)
     val serviceDefs = generated.flatMap(_.services).map(s => s.name -> ServiceDefJs(s))
     val functions = generated.flatMap(
-      _.air.map(as => (as.name, AquaFunction(FunctionDefJs(as.funcDef), as.air)))
+      _.air.map(as => as.name -> AquaFunction(FunctionDefJs(as.funcDef), as.air))
     )
 
     CompilationResult.result(
-      js.Dictionary.apply(serviceDefs: _*),
+      services = serviceDefs.toMap,
-      js.Dictionary.apply(functions: _*)
+      functions = functions.toMap,
+      warnings = warnings.toList
     )
 
   }

api/api/.js/src/main/scala/api/types/OutputTypes.scala

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ package api.types
 
 import aqua.js.{FunctionDefJs, ServiceDefJs}
 import aqua.model.transform.TransformConfig
-import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid, invalidNec, validNec}
+
+import cats.data.Validated.{invalidNec, validNec, Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.data.{Chain, NonEmptyChain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
 
 import scala.scalajs.js
@@ -31,8 +32,12 @@ case class GeneratedSource(
 )
 
 object GeneratedSource {
-  def tsSource(name: String, tsSource: String) = new GeneratedSource(name, tsSource, null, null)
+
-  def jsSource(name: String, jsSource: String, tsTypes: String) = new GeneratedSource(name, null, jsSource, tsTypes)
+  def tsSource(name: String, tsSource: String) =
+    new GeneratedSource(name, tsSource, null, null)
+
+  def jsSource(name: String, jsSource: String, tsTypes: String) =
+    new GeneratedSource(name, null, jsSource, tsTypes)
 }
 
 @JSExportTopLevel("CompilationResult")
@@ -46,21 +51,39 @@ class CompilationResult(
   @JSExport
   val generatedSources: js.Array[GeneratedSource],
   @JSExport
-  val errors: js.Array[String]
+  val errors: js.Array[String],
+  @JSExport
+  val warnings: js.Array[String]
 )
 
 object CompilationResult {
 
   def result(
-    services: js.Dictionary[ServiceDefJs] = js.Dictionary(),
+    services: Map[String, ServiceDefJs] = Map.empty,
-    functions: js.Dictionary[AquaFunction] = js.Dictionary(),
+    functions: Map[String, AquaFunction] = Map.empty,
     call: Option[AquaFunction] = None,
-    sources: js.Array[GeneratedSource] = js.Array()
+    sources: List[GeneratedSource] = List.empty,
+    warnings: List[String] = List.empty
   ): CompilationResult =
-    new CompilationResult(services, functions, call.orNull, sources, js.Array())
+    new CompilationResult(
+      services.toJSDictionary,
+      functions.toJSDictionary,
+      call.orNull,
+      sources.toJSArray,
+      js.Array(),
+      warnings.toJSArray
+    )
 
   def errs(
-    errors: List[String]
+    errors: List[String] = List.empty,
+    warnings: List[String] = List.empty
   ): CompilationResult =
-    CompilationResult(js.Dictionary(), js.Dictionary(), null, null, errors.toJSArray)
+    new CompilationResult(
+      js.Dictionary.empty,
+      js.Dictionary.empty,
+      null,
+      null,
+      errors.toJSArray,
+      warnings.toJSArray
+    )
 }

api/api/.jvm/src/main/scala/aqua/api/Test.scala

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import cats.data.Chain
 import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.effect.{IO, IOApp}
 import fs2.io.file.{Files, Path}
-import fs2.{Stream, text}
+import fs2.{text, Stream}
 
 object Test extends IOApp.Simple {
 
@@ -21,19 +21,31 @@ object Test extends IOApp.Simple {
         AquaAPIConfig(targetType = TypeScriptType),
         TypeScriptBackend(false, "IFluenceClient$$")
       )
-      .flatMap {
+      .flatMap { res =>
-        case Valid(res) =>
+        val (warnings, result) = res.value.run
-          val content = res.get(0).get.compiled.head.content
+
+        IO.delay {
+          warnings.toList.foreach(println)
+        } *> result.fold(
+          errors =>
+            IO.delay {
+              errors.toChain.toList.foreach(println)
+            },
+          compiled => {
+            val content = compiled.get(0).get.compiled.head.content
             val targetPath = Path("./target/antithesis.ts")
 
-          Stream.emit(content)
+            Stream
+              .emit(content)
               .through(text.utf8.encode)
               .through(Files[IO].writeAll(targetPath))
               .attempt
               .compile
-            .last.flatMap(_ => IO.delay(println(s"File: ${targetPath.absolute.normalize}")))
+              .last *> IO.delay(
-        case Invalid(e) =>
+              println(s"File: ${targetPath.absolute.normalize}")
-          IO.delay(println(e))
+            )
+          }
+        )
 
       }
   }

api/api/src/main/scala/aqua/api/APICompilation.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package aqua.api
 
-import aqua.ErrorRendering.showError
+import aqua.Rendering.given
 import aqua.raw.value.ValueRaw
+import aqua.raw.ConstantRaw
 import aqua.api.AquaAPIConfig
 import aqua.backend.{AirFunction, Backend, Generated}
 import aqua.compiler.*
@@ -10,21 +11,31 @@ import aqua.logging.{LogFormatter, LogLevels}
 import aqua.constants.Constants
 import aqua.io.*
 import aqua.raw.ops.Call
-import aqua.run.{CallInfo, CallPreparer, CliFunc, FuncCompiler, RunPreparer}
+import aqua.run.{CliFunc, FuncCompiler, RunPreparer}
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, Token}
 import aqua.parser.lift.FileSpan.F
 import aqua.parser.lift.{FileSpan, Span}
 import aqua.parser.{ArrowReturnError, BlockIndentError, LexerError, ParserError}
-import aqua.semantics.{CompilerState, HeaderError, RulesViolated, WrongAST}
 import aqua.{AquaIO, SpanParser}
 import aqua.model.transform.{Transform, TransformConfig}
 import aqua.backend.api.APIBackend
 import aqua.definitions.FunctionDef
 import aqua.model.AquaContext
 import aqua.res.AquaRes
+
 import cats.Applicative
-import cats.data.{Chain, NonEmptyChain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
+import cats.~>
-import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid, invalid, invalidNec, validNec}
+import cats.data.{
+  Chain,
+  EitherT,
+  NonEmptyChain,
+  NonEmptyList,
+  Validated,
+  ValidatedNec,
+  ValidatedNel,
+  Writer
+}
+import cats.data.Validated.{invalid, invalidNec, validNec, Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
 import cats.syntax.apply.*
 import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
@@ -33,8 +44,9 @@ import cats.effect.IO
 import cats.effect.unsafe.implicits.global
 import cats.syntax.show.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 import fs2.io.file.{Files, Path}
-import scribe.Logging
+import scribe.{Level, Logging}
 
 object APICompilation {
 
@@ -44,13 +56,13 @@ object APICompilation {
     imports: List[String],
     aquaConfig: AquaAPIConfig,
     fillWithTypes: List[ValueRaw] => ValidatedNec[String, List[ValueRaw]]
-  ): IO[ValidatedNec[String, (FunctionDef, String)]] = {
+  ): IO[APIResult[(FunctionDef, String)]] = {
-    implicit val aio: AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+    given AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+
     (
       LogLevels.levelFromString(aquaConfig.logLevel),
       Constants.parse(aquaConfig.constants)
-    ).mapN { (level, constants) =>
+    ).tupled.toResult.flatTraverse { case (level, constants) =>
-
       val transformConfig = aquaConfig.getTransformConfig.copy(constants = constants)
 
       LogFormatter.initLogger(Some(level))
@@ -60,43 +72,38 @@ object APICompilation {
         imports.map(Path.apply),
         transformConfig
       ).compile().map { contextV =>
-        contextV.andThen { context =>
+        for {
-          CliFunc
+          context <- contextV.toResult
+          cliFunc <- CliFunc
             .fromString(functionStr)
-            .leftMap(errs => NonEmptyChain.fromNonEmptyList(errs))
+            .toResult
-            .andThen { cliFunc =>
+          arrow <- FuncCompiler
-              FuncCompiler.findFunction(context, cliFunc).andThen { arrow =>
+            .findFunction(context, cliFunc)
-                fillWithTypes(cliFunc.args).andThen { argsWithTypes =>
+            .toResult
-                  val func = cliFunc.copy(args = argsWithTypes)
+          argsWithTypes <- fillWithTypes(cliFunc.args).toResult
-                  val preparer = new RunPreparer(
+          func = cliFunc.copy(args = argsWithTypes)
+          preparer = new RunPreparer(
             func,
             arrow,
             transformConfig
           )
-                  preparer.prepare().map { ci =>
+          ci <- preparer.prepare().toResult
-                    (ci.definitions, ci.air)
+        } yield ci.definitions -> ci.air
       }
     }
   }
-            }
-        }.leftMap(_.map(_.show).distinct)
-
-      }
-    } match {
-      case Valid(pr) => pr
-      case Invalid(errs) => IO.pure(Invalid(NonEmptyChain.fromNonEmptyList(errs)))
-    }
-  }
 
   def compilePath(
     pathStr: String,
     imports: List[String],
     aquaConfig: AquaAPIConfig,
     backend: Backend
-  ): IO[ValidatedNec[String, Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]] = {
+  ): IO[APIResult[Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]] = {
-    implicit val aio: AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+    given AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+
     val path = Path(pathStr)
     val sources = new AquaFileSources[IO](path, imports.map(Path.apply))
+
     compileRaw(
       aquaConfig,
       sources,
@@ -109,8 +116,9 @@ object APICompilation {
     imports: List[String],
     aquaConfig: AquaAPIConfig,
     backend: Backend
-  ): IO[ValidatedNec[String, Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]] = {
+  ): IO[APIResult[Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]] = {
-    implicit val aio: AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+    given AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+
     val path = Path("")
 
     val strSources: AquaFileSources[IO] =
@@ -119,6 +127,7 @@ object APICompilation {
           IO.pure(Valid(Chain.one((FileModuleId(path), input))))
         }
       }
+
     compileRaw(
       aquaConfig,
       strSources,
@@ -130,13 +139,10 @@ object APICompilation {
     aquaConfig: AquaAPIConfig,
     sources: AquaSources[IO, AquaFileError, FileModuleId],
     backend: Backend
-  ): IO[ValidatedNec[String, Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]] = {
+  ): IO[APIResult[Chain[AquaCompiled[FileModuleId]]]] = (
-
-    (
     LogLevels.levelFromString(aquaConfig.logLevel),
     Constants.parse(aquaConfig.constants)
-    ).traverseN { (level, constants) =>
+  ).tupled.toResult.flatTraverse { case (level, constants) =>
-
     LogFormatter.initLogger(Some(level))
 
     val transformConfig = aquaConfig.getTransformConfig
@@ -151,14 +157,33 @@ object APICompilation {
           override def validate(airs: List[AirFunction]): IO[ValidatedNec[String, Unit]] =
             Applicative[IO].pure(validNec(()))
         },
-          new Backend.Transform:
+        new Backend.Transform {
           override def transform(ex: AquaContext): AquaRes =
             Transform.contextRes(ex, transformConfig)
 
           override def generate(aqua: AquaRes): Seq[Generated] = backend.generate(aqua)
-          ,
+        },
         config
-        ).map(_.leftMap(_.map(_.show).distinct))
+      )
-    }.map(_.leftMap(NonEmptyChain.fromNonEmptyList).andThen(identity))
+      .map(_.toResult)
+  }
+
+  extension [A](v: ValidatedNec[String, A]) {
+
+    def toResult: APIResult[A] =
+      v.toEither.toEitherT
+  }
+
+  extension [A](v: CompileResult[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F][A]) {
+
+    def toResult: APIResult[A] =
+      v.leftMap(_.map(_.show))
+        .mapK(
+          new (CompileWarnings[FileSpan.F] ~> APIWarnings) {
+
+            override def apply[A](w: CompileWarnings[FileSpan.F][A]): APIWarnings[A] =
+              w.mapWritten(_.map(_.show))
+          }
+        )
   }
 }

api/api/src/main/scala/aqua/api/package.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package aqua
+
+import cats.data.{Chain, EitherT, NonEmptyChain, Writer}
+
+package object api {
+
+  type APIWarnings = [A] =>> Writer[
+    Chain[String],
+    A
+  ]
+
+  type APIResult = [A] =>> EitherT[
+    APIWarnings,
+    NonEmptyChain[String],
+    A
+  ]
+}

aqua-run/src/main/scala/aqua/run/CliFunc.scala

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import aqua.parser.lift.Span
 import aqua.raw.value.{CollectionRaw, LiteralRaw, ValueRaw, VarRaw}
 import aqua.types.{ArrayType, BottomType}
 
-import cats.data.{NonEmptyList, Validated, ValidatedNel}
+import cats.data.{NonEmptyChain, NonEmptyList, Validated, ValidatedNec}
-import cats.data.Validated.{invalid, invalidNel, validNel}
+import cats.data.Validated.{invalid, invalidNec, validNec}
 import cats.{~>, Id}
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
 import cats.syntax.validated.*
@@ -18,25 +18,27 @@ case class CliFunc(name: String, args: List[ValueRaw] = Nil)
 
 object CliFunc {
 
-  def spanToId: Span.S ~> Id = new (Span.S ~> Id) {
+  private val spanToId: Span.S ~> Id = new (Span.S ~> Id) {
 
     override def apply[A](span: Span.S[A]): Id[A] = span.extract
   }
 
-  def fromString(func: String): ValidatedNel[String, CliFunc] = {
+  def fromString(func: String): ValidatedNec[String, CliFunc] = {
     CallArrowToken.callArrow
       .parseAll(func.trim)
-      .toValidated
+      .leftMap(error =>
-      .leftMap(
+        NonEmptyChain
-        _.expected.map(_.context.mkString("\n"))
+          .fromNonEmptyList(error.expected)
+          .map(_.context.mkString("\n"))
       )
+      .toValidated
       .map(_.mapK(spanToId))
       .andThen(expr =>
         expr.args.traverse {
           case LiteralToken(value, ts) =>
-            LiteralRaw(value, ts).valid
+            LiteralRaw(value, ts).validNec
           case VarToken(name) =>
-            VarRaw(name.value, BottomType).valid
+            VarRaw(name.value, BottomType).validNec
           case CollectionToken(_, values) =>
             values.traverse {
               case LiteralToken(value, ts) =>
@@ -53,11 +55,11 @@ object CliFunc {
                   .map(l => CollectionRaw(l, ArrayType(l.head.baseType)))
                   .getOrElse(ValueRaw.Nil)
               )
-              .toValidatedNel
+              .toValidatedNec
           case CallArrowToken(_, _, _) =>
-            "Function calls as arguments are not supported.".invalidNel
+            "Function calls as arguments are not supported.".invalidNec
           case _ =>
-            "Unsupported argument.".invalidNel
+            "Unsupported argument.".invalidNec
         }.map(args => CliFunc(expr.funcName.value, args))
       )
   }

aqua-run/src/main/scala/aqua/run/FuncCompiler.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package aqua.run
 
-import aqua.ErrorRendering.showError
+import aqua.Rendering.given
-import aqua.compiler.{AquaCompiler, AquaCompilerConf, CompilerAPI}
+import aqua.compiler.{AquaCompiler, AquaCompilerConf, CompileResult, CompilerAPI}
 import aqua.files.{AquaFileSources, FileModuleId}
 import aqua.{AquaIO, SpanParser}
 import aqua.io.{AquaFileError, AquaPath, PackagePath, Prelude}
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import cats.syntax.monad.*
 import cats.syntax.show.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
 import cats.syntax.option.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
+import cats.syntax.validated.*
+import cats.syntax.apply.*
 import fs2.io.file.{Files, Path}
 import scribe.Logging
 
@@ -32,51 +35,48 @@ class FuncCompiler[F[_]: Files: AquaIO: Async](
   transformConfig: TransformConfig
 ) extends Logging {
 
+  type Result = [A] =>> CompileResult[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F][A]
+
   private def compileToContext(
     path: Path,
     imports: List[Path],
     config: AquaCompilerConf = AquaCompilerConf(transformConfig.constantsList)
-  ) = {
+  ): F[Result[Chain[AquaContext]]] = {
     val sources = new AquaFileSources[F](path, imports)
-    CompilerAPI
+    CompilerAPI.compileToContext[F, AquaFileError, FileModuleId, FileSpan.F](
-      .compileToContext[F, AquaFileError, FileModuleId, FileSpan.F](
       sources,
       SpanParser.parser,
       config
     )
-      .map(_.leftMap(_.map(_.show)))
   }
 
-  private def compileBuiltins() = {
+  private def compileBuiltins(): F[Result[Chain[AquaContext]]] =
     for {
       path <- PackagePath.builtin.getPath()
       context <- compileToContext(path, Nil)
-    } yield {
+    } yield context
-      context
-    }
-  }
 
   // Compile and get only one function
   def compile(
     preludeImports: List[Path] = Nil,
     withBuiltins: Boolean = false
-  ): F[ValidatedNec[String, Chain[AquaContext]]] = {
+  ): F[Result[Chain[AquaContext]]] = {
     for {
       // compile builtins and add it to context
       builtinsV <-
         if (withBuiltins) compileBuiltins()
-        else validNec[String, Chain[AquaContext]](Chain.empty).pure[F]
+        else Chain.empty.pure[Result].pure[F]
-      compileResult <- input.map { ap =>
+      compileResult <- input.traverse { ap =>
         // compile only context to wrap and call function later
         Clock[F].timed(
           ap.getPath().flatMap(p => compileToContext(p, preludeImports ++ imports))
         )
-      }.getOrElse((Duration.Zero, validNec[String, Chain[AquaContext]](Chain.empty)).pure[F])
+      }
-      (compileTime, contextV) = compileResult
+      (compileTime, contextV) = compileResult.orEmpty
     } yield {
       logger.debug(s"Compile time: ${compileTime.toMillis}ms")
       // add builtins to the end of context
-      contextV.andThen(c => builtinsV.map(bc => c ++ bc))
+      (contextV, builtinsV).mapN(_ ++ _)
     }
   }
 }

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/AquaCompiled.scala

@@ -2,4 +2,9 @@ package aqua.compiler
 
 import aqua.backend.Generated
 
-case class AquaCompiled[I](sourceId: I, compiled: Seq[Generated], funcsCount: Int, servicesCount: Int)
+case class AquaCompiled[+I](
+  sourceId: I,
+  compiled: Seq[Generated],
+  funcsCount: Int,
+  servicesCount: Int
+)

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/AquaCompiler.scala

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package aqua.compiler
 
+import aqua.compiler.AquaError.{ParserError as AquaParserError, *}
 import aqua.backend.Backend
 import aqua.linker.{AquaModule, Linker, Modules}
 import aqua.model.AquaContext
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import aqua.raw.{RawContext, RawPart}
 import aqua.res.AquaRes
 import aqua.semantics.{CompilerState, Semantics}
 import aqua.semantics.header.{HeaderHandler, HeaderSem, Picker}
+import aqua.semantics.{SemanticError, SemanticWarning}
 
 import cats.data.*
 import cats.data.Validated.{validNec, Invalid, Valid}
@@ -20,7 +22,9 @@ import cats.syntax.functor.*
 import cats.syntax.monoid.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
 import cats.syntax.semigroup.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 import cats.{~>, Comonad, Functor, Monad, Monoid, Order}
+import cats.arrow.FunctionK
 import scribe.Logging
 
 class AquaCompiler[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad, C: Monoid: Picker](
@@ -31,71 +35,115 @@ class AquaCompiler[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad, C: Monoid: Picker](
   type Err = AquaError[I, E, S]
   type Ctx = NonEmptyMap[I, C]
 
-  type ValidatedCtx = ValidatedNec[Err, Ctx]
+  type CompileWarns = [A] =>> CompileWarnings[S][A]
-  type ValidatedCtxT = ValidatedCtx => ValidatedCtx
+  type CompileRes = [A] =>> CompileResult[I, E, S][A]
+
+  type CompiledCtx = CompileRes[Ctx]
+  type CompiledCtxT = CompiledCtx => CompiledCtx
 
   private def linkModules(
-    modules: Modules[
+    modules: Modules[I, Err, CompiledCtxT],
-      I,
+    cycleError: Linker.DepCycle[AquaModule[I, Err, CompiledCtxT]] => Err
-      Err,
+  ): CompileRes[Map[I, C]] = {
-      ValidatedCtxT
-    ],
-    cycleError: Linker.DepCycle[AquaModule[I, Err, ValidatedCtxT]] => Err
-  ): ValidatedNec[Err, Map[I, ValidatedCtx]] = {
     logger.trace("linking modules...")
 
-    Linker
-      .link(
-        modules,
-        cycleError,
     // By default, provide an empty context for this module's id
-        i => validNec(NonEmptyMap.one(i, Monoid.empty[C]))
+    val empty: I => CompiledCtx = i => NonEmptyMap.one(i, Monoid[C].empty).pure[CompileRes]
+
+    for {
+      linked <- Linker
+        .link(modules, cycleError, empty)
+        .toEither
+        .toEitherT[CompileWarns]
+      res <- EitherT(
+        linked.toList.traverse { case (id, ctx) =>
+          ctx
+            .map(
+              /**
+               * NOTE: This should be safe
+               * as result for id should contain itself
+               */
+              _.apply(id).map(id -> _).get
             )
+            .toValidated
+        }.map(_.sequence.toEither)
+      )
+    } yield res.toMap
   }
 
   def compileRaw(
     sources: AquaSources[F, E, I],
     parser: I => String => ValidatedNec[ParserError[S], Ast[S]]
-  ): F[Validated[NonEmptyChain[Err], Map[I, ValidatedCtx]]] = {
+  ): F[CompileRes[Map[I, C]]] = {
-
     logger.trace("starting resolving sources...")
+
     new AquaParser[F, E, I, S](sources, parser)
-      .resolve[ValidatedCtx](mod =>
+      .resolve[CompiledCtx](mod =>
         context =>
+          for {
             // Context with prepared imports
-          context.andThen { ctx =>
+            ctx <- context
-            val imports = mod.imports.view
+            imports = mod.imports.flatMap { case (fn, id) =>
-              .mapValues(ctx(_))
+              ctx.apply(id).map(fn -> _)
-              .collect { case (fn, Some(fc)) => fn -> fc }
+            }
-              .toMap
+            header = mod.body.head
-            val header = mod.body.head
+            headerSem <- headerHandler
-            // To manage imports, exports run HeaderHandler
+              .sem(imports, header)
-            headerHandler
+              .toCompileRes
-              .sem(
-                imports,
-                header
-              )
-              .andThen { headerSem =>
             // Analyze the body, with prepared initial context
-                logger.trace("semantic processing...")
+            _ = logger.trace("semantic processing...")
-                semantics
+            processed <- semantics
               .process(
                 mod.body,
                 headerSem.initCtx
               )
+              .toCompileRes
             // Handle exports, declares - finalize the resulting context
-                  .andThen { ctx =>
+            rc <- headerSem
-                    headerSem.finCtx(ctx)
+              .finCtx(processed)
-                  }
+              .toCompileRes
-                  .map { rc => NonEmptyMap.one(mod.id, rc) }
+            /**
-              }
+             * Here we build a map of contexts while processing modules.
-              // The whole chain returns a semantics error finally
+             * Should not linker provide this info inside this process?
-              .leftMap(_.map[Err](CompileError(_)))
+             * Building this map complicates things a lot.
-          }
+             */
+          } yield NonEmptyMap.one(mod.id, rc)
       )
-      .map(
+      .value
-        _.andThen { modules => linkModules(modules, cycle => CycleError[I, E, S](cycle.map(_.id))) }
+      .map(resolved =>
+        for {
+          modules <- resolved.toEitherT[CompileWarns]
+          linked <- linkModules(
+            modules,
+            cycle => CycleError(cycle.map(_.id))
+          )
+        } yield linked
       )
   }
 
+  private val warningsK: semantics.Warnings ~> CompileWarns =
+    new FunctionK[semantics.Warnings, CompileWarns] {
+
+      override def apply[A](
+        fa: semantics.Warnings[A]
+      ): CompileWarns[A] =
+        fa.mapWritten(_.map(AquaWarning.CompileWarning.apply))
+    }
+
+  extension (res: semantics.ProcessResult) {
+
+    def toCompileRes: CompileRes[C] =
+      res
+        .leftMap(_.map(CompileError.apply))
+        .mapK(warningsK)
+  }
+
+  extension [A](res: ValidatedNec[SemanticError[S], A]) {
+
+    def toCompileRes: CompileRes[A] =
+      res.toEither
+        .leftMap(_.map(CompileError.apply))
+        .toEitherT[CompileWarns]
+  }
+
 }

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/AquaError.scala

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 package aqua.compiler
 
-import aqua.parser.ParserError
+import aqua.parser
 import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
-import aqua.semantics.SemanticError
+import aqua.semantics
+
 import cats.data.NonEmptyChain
 
-trait AquaError[I, E, S[_]]
+enum AquaError[+I, +E, S[_]] {
-case class SourcesErr[I, E, S[_]](err: E) extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+  case SourcesError(err: E)
-case class ParserErr[I, E, S[_]](err: ParserError[S]) extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+  case ParserError(err: parser.ParserError[S])
 
-case class ResolveImportsErr[I, E, S[_]](fromFile: I, token: Token[S], err: E)
+  case ResolveImportsError(fromFile: I, token: Token[S], err: E)
-    extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+  case ImportError(token: Token[S])
-case class ImportErr[I, E, S[_]](token: Token[S]) extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+  case CycleError(modules: NonEmptyChain[I])
 
-case class CycleError[I, E, S[_]](modules: NonEmptyChain[I]) extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+  case CompileError(err: semantics.SemanticError[S])
-
+  case OutputError(compiled: AquaCompiled[I], err: E)
-case class CompileError[I, E, S[_]](err: SemanticError[S]) extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+  case AirValidationError(errors: NonEmptyChain[String])
-case class OutputError[I, E, S[_]](compiled: AquaCompiled[I], err: E) extends AquaError[I, E, S]
+}
-case class AirValidationError[I, E, S[_]](errors: NonEmptyChain[String]) extends AquaError[I, E, S]

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/AquaParser.scala

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 package aqua.compiler
 
+import aqua.compiler.AquaError.{ParserError as AquaParserError, *}
 import aqua.linker.{AquaModule, Modules}
 import aqua.parser.head.{FilenameExpr, ImportExpr}
 import aqua.parser.lift.{LiftParser, Span}
 import aqua.parser.{Ast, ParserError}
-import cats.data.{Chain, NonEmptyChain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
+
+import cats.data.{Chain, EitherNec, EitherT, NonEmptyChain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
 import cats.parse.Parser0
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
 import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
 import cats.syntax.functor.*
 import cats.syntax.monad.*
 import cats.syntax.foldable.*
+import cats.syntax.traverse.*
 import cats.syntax.validated.*
 import cats.data.Chain.*
 import cats.data.Validated.*
@@ -19,46 +23,43 @@ import cats.{~>, Comonad, Monad}
 import scribe.Logging
 
 // TODO: add tests
-class AquaParser[F[_], E, I, S[_]: Comonad](
+class AquaParser[F[_]: Monad, E, I, S[_]: Comonad](
   sources: AquaSources[F, E, I],
   parser: I => String => ValidatedNec[ParserError[S], Ast[S]]
-)(implicit F: Monad[F])
+) extends Logging {
-    extends Logging {
 
   type Body = Ast[S]
   type Err = AquaError[I, E, S]
 
+  private type FE[A] = EitherT[F, NonEmptyChain[Err], A]
+
   // Parse all the source files
-  def parseSources: F[ValidatedNec[Err, Chain[(I, Body)]]] =
+  private def parseSources: F[ValidatedNec[Err, Chain[(I, Body)]]] =
     sources.sources.map(
-      _.leftMap(_.map[Err](SourcesErr(_))).andThen(_.map { case (i, s) =>
+      _.leftMap(_.map(SourcesError.apply)).andThen(
-        parser(i)(s)
+        _.traverse { case (i, s) =>
-          .bimap(
+          parser(i)(s).bimap(
-            _.map[Err](ParserErr(_)),
+            _.map(AquaParserError.apply),
-            ast => Chain.one(i -> ast)
+            ast => i -> ast
+          )
+        }
       )
-      }.foldA)
     )
 
   // Resolve imports (not parse, just resolve) of the given file
-  def resolveImports(id: I, ast: Body): F[ValidatedNec[Err, AquaModule[I, Err, Body]]] =
+  private def resolveImports(id: I, ast: Body): F[ValidatedNec[Err, AquaModule[I, Err, Body]]] =
-    ast.head.tailForced
+    ast.collectHead { case fe: FilenameExpr[S] =>
-      .map(_.head)
+      fe.fileValue -> fe.token
-      .collect { case fe: FilenameExpr[F] =>
+    }.value.traverse { case (filename, token) =>
-        F.map(
       sources
-            .resolveImport(id, fe.fileValue)
+        .resolveImport(id, filename)
-        )(
-          _.bimap(
-            _.map[Err](ResolveImportsErr(id, fe.filename, _)),
-            importId =>
-              Chain.one[(I, (String, Err))](importId -> (fe.fileValue, ImportErr(fe.filename)))
-          )
-        )
-      }
-      .sequence
         .map(
-        _.foldA.map { collected =>
+          _.bimap(
+            _.map(ResolveImportsError(id, token, _): Err),
+            importId => importId -> (filename, ImportError(token): Err)
+          )
+        )
+    }.map(_.sequence.map { collected =>
       AquaModule[I, Err, Body](
         id,
         // How filenames correspond to the resolved IDs
@@ -71,25 +72,30 @@ class AquaParser[F[_], E, I, S[_]: Comonad](
         }.toList.toMap[I, Err],
         ast
       )
-        }
+    })
-      )
 
   // Parse sources, convert to modules
-  def sourceModules: F[ValidatedNec[Err, Modules[I, Err, Body]]] =
+  private def sourceModules: F[ValidatedNec[Err, Modules[I, Err, Body]]] =
     parseSources.flatMap {
       case Validated.Valid(srcs) =>
         srcs.traverse { case (id, ast) =>
-          resolveImports(id, ast).map(_.map(Chain.one))
+          resolveImports(id, ast)
-        }.map(_.foldA)
+        }.map(_.sequence)
       case Validated.Invalid(errs) =>
         errs.invalid.pure[F]
-    }.map(_.map(_.foldLeft(Modules[I, Err, Body]())(_.add(_, toExport = true))))
+    }.map(
+      _.map(
+        _.foldLeft(Modules[I, Err, Body]())(
+          _.add(_, toExport = true)
+        )
+      )
+    )
 
-  def loadModule(imp: I): F[ValidatedNec[Err, AquaModule[I, Err, Body]]] =
+  private def loadModule(imp: I): F[ValidatedNec[Err, AquaModule[I, Err, Body]]] =
     sources
       .load(imp)
-      .map(_.leftMap(_.map[Err](SourcesErr(_))).andThen { src =>
+      .map(_.leftMap(_.map(SourcesError.apply)).andThen { src =>
-        parser(imp)(src).leftMap(_.map[Err](ParserErr(_)))
+        parser(imp)(src).leftMap(_.map(AquaParserError.apply))
       })
       .flatMap {
         case Validated.Valid(ast) =>
@@ -98,18 +104,16 @@ class AquaParser[F[_], E, I, S[_]: Comonad](
           errs.invalid.pure[F]
       }
 
-  def resolveModules(
+  private def resolveModules(
     modules: Modules[I, Err, Body]
   ): F[ValidatedNec[Err, Modules[I, Err, Ast[S]]]] =
-    modules.dependsOn.map { case (moduleId, unresolvedErrors) =>
+    modules.dependsOn.toList.traverse { case (moduleId, unresolvedErrors) =>
       loadModule(moduleId).map(_.leftMap(_ ++ unresolvedErrors))
-    }.toList.sequence
+    }.map(
-      .map(
+      _.sequence.map(
-        _.foldLeft(modules.validNec[Err]) { case (mods, m) =>
+        _.foldLeft(modules)(_ add _)
-          mods.andThen(ms => m.map(ms.add(_)))
-        }
       )
-      .flatMap {
+    ).flatMap {
       case Validated.Valid(ms) if ms.isResolved =>
         ms.validNec.pure[F]
       case Validated.Valid(ms) =>
@@ -118,15 +122,19 @@ class AquaParser[F[_], E, I, S[_]: Comonad](
         err.pure[F]
     }
 
-  def resolveSources: F[ValidatedNec[Err, Modules[I, Err, Ast[S]]]] =
+  private def resolveSources: FE[Modules[I, Err, Ast[S]]] =
-    sourceModules.flatMap {
+    for {
-      case Validated.Valid(ms) => resolveModules(ms)
+      ms <- EitherT(
-      case err => err.pure[F]
+        sourceModules.map(_.toEither)
-    }
+      )
+      res <- EitherT(
+        resolveModules(ms).map(_.toEither)
+      )
+    } yield res
 
   def resolve[T](
     transpile: AquaModule[I, Err, Body] => T => T
-  ): F[ValidatedNec[Err, Modules[I, Err, T => T]]] =
+  ): FE[Modules[I, Err, T => T]] =
-    resolveSources.map(_.map(_.mapModuleToBody(transpile)))
+    resolveSources.map(_.mapModuleToBody(transpile))
 
 }

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/AquaWarning.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package aqua.compiler
+
+import aqua.semantics
+
+enum AquaWarning[S[_]] {
+  case CompileWarning(warning: semantics.SemanticWarning[S])
+}

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/CompilerAPI.scala

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package aqua.compiler
 
+import aqua.compiler.AquaError.*
 import aqua.backend.{AirFunction, Backend}
 import aqua.linker.{AquaModule, Linker, Modules}
 import aqua.model.AquaContext
@@ -10,8 +11,9 @@ import aqua.raw.{RawContext, RawPart}
 import aqua.res.AquaRes
 import aqua.semantics.header.{HeaderHandler, HeaderSem}
 import aqua.semantics.{CompilerState, RawSemantics, Semantics}
+
 import cats.data.*
-import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid, invalid, validNec}
+import cats.data.Validated.{invalid, validNec, Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.parse.Parser0
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
 import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
@@ -20,7 +22,8 @@ import cats.syntax.functor.*
 import cats.syntax.monoid.*
 import cats.syntax.semigroup.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
-import cats.{Comonad, Monad, Monoid, Order, ~>}
+import cats.syntax.either.*
+import cats.{~>, Comonad, Monad, Monoid, Order}
 import scribe.Logging
 
 import scala.collection.MapView
@@ -28,18 +31,13 @@ import scala.collection.MapView
 object CompilerAPI extends Logging {
 
   private def toAquaProcessed[I: Order, E, S[_]: Comonad](
-    filesWithContext: Map[
+    filesWithContext: Map[I, RawContext]
-      I,
+  ): Chain[AquaProcessed[I]] = {
-      ValidatedNec[AquaError[I, E, S], NonEmptyMap[I, RawContext]]
-    ]
-  ): ValidatedNec[AquaError[I, E, S], Chain[AquaProcessed[I]]] = {
     logger.trace("linking finished")
 
-    filesWithContext.values.toList
+    filesWithContext.toList
-      // Gather all RawContext in List inside ValidatedNec
-      .flatTraverse(_.map(_.toNel.toList))
       // Process all contexts maintaining Cache
-      .traverse(_.traverse { case (i, rawContext) =>
+      .traverse { case (i, rawContext) =>
         for {
           cache <- State.get[AquaContext.Cache]
           _ = logger.trace(s"Going to prepare exports for $i...")
@@ -47,25 +45,32 @@ object CompilerAPI extends Logging {
           _ = logger.trace(s"AquaProcessed prepared for $i")
           _ <- State.set(expCache)
         } yield AquaProcessed(i, exp)
-      }.runA(AquaContext.Cache()))
+      }
+      .runA(AquaContext.Cache())
       // Convert result List to Chain
-      .map(_.map(Chain.fromSeq))
+      .map(Chain.fromSeq)
       .value
   }
 
   private def getAquaCompiler[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad](
     config: AquaCompilerConf
   ): AquaCompiler[F, E, I, S, RawContext] = {
-    implicit val rc: Monoid[RawContext] = RawContext
+    given Monoid[RawContext] = RawContext
       .implicits(
-        RawContext.blank
+        RawContext.blank.copy(
-          .copy(parts = Chain.fromSeq(config.constantsList).map(const => RawContext.blank -> const))
+          parts = Chain
+            .fromSeq(config.constantsList)
+            .map(const => RawContext.blank -> const)
+        )
       )
       .rawContextMonoid
 
     val semantics = new RawSemantics[S]()
 
-    new AquaCompiler[F, E, I, S, RawContext](new HeaderHandler[S, RawContext](), semantics)
+    new AquaCompiler[F, E, I, S, RawContext](
+      new HeaderHandler(),
+      semantics
+    )
   }
 
   // Get result generated by backend
@@ -75,75 +80,53 @@ object CompilerAPI extends Logging {
     airValidator: AirValidator[F],
     backend: Backend.Transform,
     config: AquaCompilerConf
-  ): F[ValidatedNec[AquaError[I, E, S], Chain[AquaCompiled[I]]]] = {
+  ): F[CompileResult[I, E, S][Chain[AquaCompiled[I]]]] = {
     val compiler = getAquaCompiler[F, E, I, S](config)
 
     for {
       compiledRaw <- compiler.compileRaw(sources, parser)
-      compiledV = compiledRaw.andThen(toAquaProcessed)
+      compiledV = compiledRaw.map(toAquaProcessed)
       _ <- airValidator.init()
-      result <- compiledV.traverse { compiled =>
+      result <- compiledV.flatTraverse { compiled =>
         compiled.traverse { ap =>
           logger.trace("generating output...")
           val res = backend.transform(ap.context)
-          val compiled = backend.generate(res)
+          val generated = backend.generate(res)
-          airValidator
+          val air = generated.toList.flatMap(_.air)
-            .validate(
+          val compiled = AquaCompiled(
-              compiled.toList.flatMap(_.air)
+            sourceId = ap.id,
+            compiled = generated,
+            funcsCount = res.funcs.length.toInt,
+            servicesCount = res.services.length.toInt
           )
+
+          airValidator
+            .validate(air)
             .map(
               _.leftMap(errs => AirValidationError(errs): AquaError[I, E, S])
-                .as(
+                .as(compiled)
-                  AquaCompiled(ap.id, compiled, res.funcs.length.toInt, res.services.length.toInt)
-                )
                 .toValidatedNec
             )
-        }.map(_.sequence)
+        }.map(_.sequence.toEither.toEitherT)
-      }.map(_.andThen(identity)) // There is no flatTraverse for Validated
+      }
     } yield result
   }
 
-  def compileTo[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad, T](
-    sources: AquaSources[F, E, I],
-    parser: I => String => ValidatedNec[ParserError[S], Ast[S]],
-    airValidator: AirValidator[F],
-    backend: Backend.Transform,
-    config: AquaCompilerConf,
-    write: AquaCompiled[I] => F[Seq[Validated[E, T]]]
-  ): F[ValidatedNec[AquaError[I, E, S], Chain[T]]] =
-    compile[F, E, I, S](sources, parser, airValidator, backend, config)
-      .flatMap(
-        _.traverse(compiled =>
-          compiled.toList.flatTraverse { ac =>
-            write(ac).map(
-              _.toList.map(
-                _.bimap(
-                  e => OutputError(ac, e): AquaError[I, E, S],
-                  Chain.one
-                ).toValidatedNec
-              )
-            )
-          }.map(_.foldA)
-        ).map(_.andThen(identity)) // There is no flatTraverse for Validated
-      )
-
   def compileToContext[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad](
     sources: AquaSources[F, E, I],
     parser: I => String => ValidatedNec[ParserError[S], Ast[S]],
     config: AquaCompilerConf
-  ): F[ValidatedNec[AquaError[I, E, S], Chain[AquaContext]]] = {
+  ): F[CompileResult[I, E, S][Chain[AquaContext]]] = {
 
     val compiler = getAquaCompiler[F, E, I, S](config)
-    compiler
+    val compiledRaw = compiler.compileRaw(sources, parser)
-      .compileRaw(sources, parser)
+
-      .map(_.andThen { filesWithContext =>
+    compiledRaw.map(
-        toAquaProcessed(filesWithContext)
+      _.map(toAquaProcessed)
-      })
+        .map(_.map { ap =>
-      .map(_.map { compiled =>
-        compiled.map { ap =>
           logger.trace("generating output...")
           ap.context
-        }
         })
+    )
   }
 }

compiler/src/main/scala/aqua/compiler/package.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package aqua
+
+import cats.data.{Chain, EitherT, NonEmptyChain, Writer}
+
+package object compiler {
+
+  type CompileWarnings[S[_]] =
+    [A] =>> Writer[Chain[AquaWarning[S]], A]
+
+  type CompileResult[I, E, S[_]] =
+    [A] =>> EitherT[CompileWarnings[S], NonEmptyChain[AquaError[I, E, S]], A]
+}

compiler/src/test/scala/aqua/compiler/AquaCompilerSpec.scala

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import cats.data.{Chain, NonEmptyChain, NonEmptyMap, Validated, ValidatedNec}
 import cats.instances.string.*
 import cats.syntax.show.*
 import cats.syntax.option.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 
 class AquaCompilerSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers {
   import ModelBuilder.*
@@ -59,8 +60,11 @@ class AquaCompilerSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers {
         id => txt => Parser.parse(Parser.parserSchema)(txt),
         AquaCompilerConf(ConstantRaw.defaultConstants(None))
       )
+      .value
+      .value
+      .toValidated
 
-  "aqua compiler" should "compile a simple snipped to the right context" in {
+  "aqua compiler" should "compile a simple snippet to the right context" in {
 
     val res = compileToContext(
       Map(
@@ -93,7 +97,6 @@ class AquaCompilerSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers {
     val const = ctx.allValues.get("X")
     const.nonEmpty should be(true)
     const.get should be(LiteralModel.number(5))
-
   }
 
   def through(peer: ValueModel) =

io/src/main/scala/aqua/Rendering.scala

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 package aqua
 
+import aqua.compiler.AquaError.{ParserError as AquaParserError, *}
 import aqua.compiler.*
 import aqua.files.FileModuleId
 import aqua.io.AquaFileError
 import aqua.parser.lift.{FileSpan, Span}
 import aqua.parser.{ArrowReturnError, BlockIndentError, LexerError, ParserError}
-import aqua.semantics.{HeaderError, RulesViolated, WrongAST}
+import aqua.semantics.{HeaderError, RulesViolated, SemanticWarning, WrongAST}
+
 import cats.parse.LocationMap
 import cats.parse.Parser.Expectation
 import cats.parse.Parser.Expectation.*
 import cats.{Eval, Show}
 
-object ErrorRendering {
+object Rendering {
 
-  def showForConsole(errorType: String, span: FileSpan, messages: List[String]): String =
+  def showForConsole(messageType: String, span: FileSpan, messages: List[String]): String =
     span
       .focus(3)
       .map(
         _.toConsoleStr(
-          errorType,
+          messageType,
           messages,
           Console.RED
         )
@@ -29,8 +31,18 @@ object ErrorRendering {
         )
       ) + Console.RESET + "\n"
 
-  implicit val showError: Show[AquaError[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F]] = Show.show {
+  given Show[AquaWarning[FileSpan.F]] = Show.show { case AquaWarning.CompileWarning(warning) =>
-    case ParserErr(err) =>
+    warning match {
+      case SemanticWarning(token, hints) =>
+        token.unit._1
+          .focus(0)
+          .map(_.toConsoleStr("Warning", hints, Console.YELLOW))
+          .getOrElse("(Dup warning, but offset is beyond the script)")
+    }
+  }
+
+  given Show[AquaError[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F]] = Show.show {
+    case AquaParserError(err) =>
       err match {
         case BlockIndentError(indent, message) =>
           showForConsole("Syntax error", indent._1, message :: Nil)
@@ -63,15 +75,15 @@ object ErrorRendering {
             .reverse
             .mkString("\n")
       }
-    case SourcesErr(err) =>
+    case SourcesError(err) =>
       Console.RED + err.showForConsole + Console.RESET
     case AirValidationError(errors) =>
       Console.RED + errors.toChain.toList.mkString("\n") + Console.RESET
-    case ResolveImportsErr(_, token, err) =>
+    case ResolveImportsError(_, token, err) =>
       val span = token.unit._1
       showForConsole("Cannot resolve imports", span, err.showForConsole :: Nil)
 
-    case ImportErr(token) =>
+    case ImportError(token) =>
       val span = token.unit._1
       showForConsole("Cannot resolve import", span, "Cannot resolve import" :: Nil)
     case CycleError(modules) =>

language-server/language-server-api/.js/src/main/scala/aqua/lsp/AquaLSP.scala

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package aqua.lsp
 
 import aqua.compiler.*
+import aqua.compiler.AquaError.{ParserError as AquaParserError, *}
+import aqua.compiler.AquaWarning.*
 import aqua.files.{AquaFileSources, AquaFilesIO, FileModuleId}
 import aqua.io.*
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, Token}
@@ -8,27 +10,29 @@ import aqua.parser.lift.FileSpan.F
 import aqua.parser.lift.{FileSpan, Span}
 import aqua.parser.{ArrowReturnError, BlockIndentError, LexerError, ParserError}
 import aqua.raw.ConstantRaw
-import aqua.semantics.{HeaderError, RulesViolated, WrongAST}
+import aqua.semantics.{HeaderError, RulesViolated, SemanticWarning, WrongAST}
 import aqua.{AquaIO, SpanParser}
-import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid, invalidNec, validNec}
+
+import cats.data.Validated.{invalidNec, validNec, Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.data.{NonEmptyChain, Validated}
 import cats.effect.IO
+import cats.syntax.option.*
 import cats.effect.unsafe.implicits.global
 import fs2.io.file.{Files, Path}
 import scribe.Logging
-
 import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
 import scala.concurrent.Future
 import scala.scalajs.js
 import scala.scalajs.js.JSConverters.*
 import scala.scalajs.js.annotation.*
-import scala.scalajs.js.{UndefOr, undefined}
+import scala.scalajs.js.{undefined, UndefOr}
 
 @JSExportAll
 case class CompilationResult(
   errors: js.Array[ErrorInfo],
-  locations: js.Array[TokenLink],
+  warnings: js.Array[WarningInfo] = js.Array(),
-  importLocations: js.Array[TokenImport]
+  locations: js.Array[TokenLink] = js.Array(),
+  importLocations: js.Array[TokenImport] = js.Array()
 )
 
 @JSExportAll
@@ -72,12 +76,25 @@ object ErrorInfo {
   }
 }
 
+@JSExportAll
+case class WarningInfo(start: Int, end: Int, message: String, location: UndefOr[String])
+
+object WarningInfo {
+
+  def apply(fileSpan: FileSpan, message: String): WarningInfo = {
+    val start = fileSpan.span.startIndex
+    val end = fileSpan.span.endIndex
+    WarningInfo(start, end, message, fileSpan.name)
+  }
+}
+
 @JSExportTopLevel("AquaLSP")
 object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
 
-  def errorToInfo(error: AquaError[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F]): List[ErrorInfo] = {
+  private def errorToInfo(
-    error match {
+    error: AquaError[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F]
-      case ParserErr(err) =>
+  ): List[ErrorInfo] = error match {
+    case AquaParserError(err) =>
       err match {
         case BlockIndentError(indent, message) =>
           ErrorInfo(indent._1, message) :: Nil
@@ -98,11 +115,11 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
             .map(_._2)
             .reverse
       }
-      case SourcesErr(err) =>
+    case SourcesError(err) =>
       ErrorInfo.applyOp(0, 0, err.showForConsole, None) :: Nil
-      case ResolveImportsErr(_, token, err) =>
+    case ResolveImportsError(_, token, err) =>
       ErrorInfo(token.unit._1, err.showForConsole) :: Nil
-      case ImportErr(token) =>
+    case ImportError(token) =>
       ErrorInfo(token.unit._1, "Cannot resolve import") :: Nil
     case CycleError(modules) =>
       ErrorInfo.applyOp(
@@ -123,7 +140,15 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
       }
     case OutputError(_, err) =>
       ErrorInfo.applyOp(0, 0, err.showForConsole, None) :: Nil
+    case AirValidationError(errors) =>
+      errors.toChain.toList.map(ErrorInfo.applyOp(0, 0, _, None))
   }
+
+  private def warningToInfo(
+    warning: AquaWarning[FileSpan.F]
+  ): List[WarningInfo] = warning match {
+    case CompileWarning(SemanticWarning(token, messages)) =>
+      WarningInfo(token.unit._1, messages.mkString("\n")) :: Nil
   }
 
   @JSExport
@@ -133,7 +158,7 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
   ): scalajs.js.Promise[CompilationResult] = {
     logger.debug(s"Compiling '$pathStr' with imports: $imports")
 
-    implicit val aio: AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
+    given AquaIO[IO] = new AquaFilesIO[IO]
 
     val path = Path(pathStr)
     val pathId = FileModuleId(path)
@@ -141,32 +166,15 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
     val config = AquaCompilerConf(ConstantRaw.defaultConstants(None))
 
     val proc = for {
-
+      res <- LSPCompiler.compileToLsp[IO, AquaFileError, FileModuleId, FileSpan.F](
-      res <- LSPCompiler
-        .compileToLsp[IO, AquaFileError, FileModuleId, FileSpan.F](
         sources,
         SpanParser.parser,
         config
       )
     } yield {
-      val fileRes: Validated[NonEmptyChain[
+      val fileRes = res.andThen(
-        AquaError[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F]
+        _.get(pathId).toValidNec(
-      ], LspContext[FileSpan.F]] = res
+          SourcesError(Unresolvable(s"Unexpected. No file $pathStr in compiler results"))
-        .andThen(
-          _.getOrElse(
-            pathId,
-            invalidNec(
-              SourcesErr(Unresolvable(s"Unexpected. No file $pathStr in compiler results"))
-            )
-          )
-        )
-        .andThen(
-          _.get(pathId)
-            .map(l => validNec(l))
-            .getOrElse(
-              invalidNec(
-                SourcesErr(Unresolvable(s"Unexpected. No file $pathStr in compiler results"))
-              )
         )
       )
 
@@ -176,16 +184,13 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
         locations: List[(Token[FileSpan.F], Token[FileSpan.F])]
       ): js.Array[TokenLink] = {
         locations.flatMap { case (from, to) =>
-          
           val fromOp = TokenLocation.fromSpan(from.unit._1)
           val toOp = TokenLocation.fromSpan(to.unit._1)
 
           val link = for {
             from <- fromOp
             to <- toOp
-              } yield {
+          } yield TokenLink(from, to)
-                TokenLink(from, to)
-              }
 
           if (link.isEmpty)
             logger.warn(s"Incorrect coordinates for token '${from.unit._1.name}'")
@@ -204,6 +209,7 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
       val result = fileRes match {
         case Valid(lsp) =>
           val errors = lsp.errors.map(CompileError.apply).flatMap(errorToInfo)
+          val warnings = lsp.warnings.map(CompileWarning.apply).flatMap(warningToInfo)
           errors match
             case Nil =>
               logger.debug("No errors on compilation.")
@@ -212,13 +218,14 @@ object AquaLSP extends App with Logging {
 
           CompilationResult(
             errors.toJSArray,
+            warnings.toJSArray,
             locationsToJs(lsp.locations),
             importsToTokenImport(lsp.importTokens)
           )
-        case Invalid(e: NonEmptyChain[AquaError[FileModuleId, AquaFileError, FileSpan.F]]) =>
+        case Invalid(e) =>
-          val errors = e.toNonEmptyList.toList.flatMap(errorToInfo)
+          val errors = e.toChain.toList.flatMap(errorToInfo)
           logger.debug("Errors: " + errors.mkString("\n"))
-          CompilationResult(errors.toJSArray, List.empty.toJSArray, List.empty.toJSArray)
+          CompilationResult(errors.toJSArray)
       }
       result
     }

language-server/language-server-api/.jvm/src/main/scala/aqua/lsp/Test.scala

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import aqua.lsp.LSPCompiler
 import aqua.parser.lift.FileSpan
 import aqua.raw.ConstantRaw
 import aqua.{AquaIO, SpanParser}
+
 import cats.data.Validated
 import cats.effect.{IO, IOApp, Sync}
 import fs2.io.file.Path
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ object Test extends IOApp.Simple {
         )
         .map {
           case Validated.Invalid(errs) =>
-            errs.map(System.err.println): Unit
+            errs.toChain.toList.foreach(System.err.println)
           case Validated.Valid(res) =>
-            res.map(println): Unit
+            res.foreach(println)
         }
       _ <- IO.println("Compilation ends in: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + " ms")
     } yield ()

language-server/language-server-api/src/main/scala/aqua/lsp/LSPCompiler.scala

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import aqua.compiler.{AquaCompiler, AquaCompilerConf, AquaError, AquaSources}
 import aqua.parser.{Ast, ParserError}
 import aqua.raw.RawContext
 import aqua.semantics.header.{HeaderHandler, HeaderSem}
+
 import cats.data.Validated.validNec
 import cats.syntax.semigroup.*
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
 import cats.syntax.functor.*
 import cats.syntax.monoid.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 import cats.{Comonad, Monad, Monoid, Order}
 import cats.data.{Chain, NonEmptyChain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
 
@@ -19,21 +21,21 @@ object LSPCompiler {
   private def getLspAquaCompiler[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad](
     config: AquaCompilerConf
   ): AquaCompiler[F, E, I, S, LspContext[S]] = {
-    implicit val rc: Monoid[LspContext[S]] = LspContext
+    given Monoid[LspContext[S]] = LspContext
       .implicits(
-        LspContext
+        LspContext.blank.copy(raw =
-          .blank[S]
+          RawContext.blank.copy(
-          .copy(raw =
+            parts = Chain
-            RawContext.blank.copy(parts =
+              .fromSeq(config.constantsList)
-              Chain.fromSeq(config.constantsList).map(const => RawContext.blank -> const)
+              .map(const => RawContext.blank -> const)
           )
         )
       )
       .lspContextMonoid
 
-    implicit val headerSemMonoid: Monoid[HeaderSem[S, LspContext[S]]] =
+    given Monoid[HeaderSem[S, LspContext[S]]] with {
-      new Monoid[HeaderSem[S, LspContext[S]]] {
+      override def empty: HeaderSem[S, LspContext[S]] =
-        override def empty: HeaderSem[S, LspContext[S]] = HeaderSem(rc.empty, (c, _) => validNec(c))
+        HeaderSem(Monoid[LspContext[S]].empty, (c, _) => validNec(c))
 
       override def combine(
         a: HeaderSem[S, LspContext[S]],
@@ -48,28 +50,23 @@ object LSPCompiler {
 
     val semantics = new LspSemantics[S]()
 
-    new AquaCompiler[F, E, I, S, LspContext[S]](new HeaderHandler[S, LspContext[S]](), semantics)
+    new AquaCompiler[F, E, I, S, LspContext[S]](
+      new HeaderHandler(),
+      semantics
+    )
   }
 
   def compileToLsp[F[_]: Monad, E, I: Order, S[_]: Comonad](
     sources: AquaSources[F, E, I],
     parser: I => String => ValidatedNec[ParserError[S], Ast[S]],
     config: AquaCompilerConf
-  ): F[Validated[NonEmptyChain[AquaError[I, E, S]], Map[I, Validated[NonEmptyChain[
+  ): F[ValidatedNec[AquaError[I, E, S], Map[I, LspContext[S]]]] = {
-    AquaError[I, E, S]
-  ], Map[I, LspContext[S]]]]]] = {
 
     val compiler = getLspAquaCompiler[F, E, I, S](config)
     compiler
       .compileRaw(sources, parser)
-      .map { v =>
+      // NOTE: Ignore warnings here as
-        v.map { innerMap =>
+      // they are collected inside context
-          innerMap.view.mapValues { vCtx =>
+      .map(_.value.value.toValidated)
-            vCtx.map {
-              _.toSortedMap.toMap
-            }
-          }.toMap
-        }
-      }
   }
 }

language-server/language-server-api/src/main/scala/aqua/lsp/LocationsInterpreter.scala

@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@ package aqua.lsp
 
 import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
 import aqua.semantics.rules.StackInterpreter
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.{LocationsAlgebra, LocationsState}
+
 import cats.data.State
 import monocle.Lens
 import monocle.macros.GenLens
 import scribe.Logging
 
-class LocationsInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
+class LocationsInterpreter[S[_], X](using
-  lens: Lens[X, LocationsState[S]],
+  lens: Lens[X, LocationsState[S]]
-  error: ReportErrors[S, X]
 ) extends LocationsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] with Logging {
 
   type SX[A] = State[X, A]
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ class LocationsInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     GenLens[LocationsState[S]](_.stack)
   )
 
-  import stack.{getState, mapStackHead, modify, report}
+  import stack.*
 
   override def addToken(name: String, token: Token[S]): State[X, Unit] = modify { st =>
     st.copy(tokens = st.tokens.updated(name, token))

language-server/language-server-api/src/main/scala/aqua/lsp/LspContext.scala

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package aqua.lsp
 
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, NamedTypeToken, Token}
-import aqua.raw.RawContext.semiRC
 import aqua.raw.{RawContext, RawPart}
-import aqua.semantics.SemanticError
+import aqua.semantics.{SemanticError, SemanticWarning}
 import aqua.semantics.header.Picker
 import aqua.types.{ArrowType, Type}
+
 import cats.syntax.monoid.*
 import cats.{Monoid, Semigroup}
 
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@ case class LspContext[S[_]](
   tokens: Map[String, Token[S]] = Map.empty[String, Token[S]],
   locations: List[(Token[S], Token[S])] = Nil,
   importTokens: List[LiteralToken[S]] = Nil,
-  errors: List[SemanticError[S]] = Nil
+  errors: List[SemanticError[S]] = Nil,
+  warnings: List[SemanticWarning[S]] = Nil
 )
 
 object LspContext {
 
   def blank[S[_]]: LspContext[S] = LspContext[S](raw = RawContext())
 
-  implicit def semiLsp[S[_]]: Semigroup[LspContext[S]] =
+  given [S[_]]: Semigroup[LspContext[S]] =
     (x: LspContext[S], y: LspContext[S]) =>
       LspContext[S](
         raw = x.raw |+| y.raw,
@@ -33,20 +34,22 @@ object LspContext {
         rootArrows = x.rootArrows ++ y.rootArrows,
         constants = x.constants ++ y.constants,
         locations = x.locations ++ y.locations,
-        tokens = x.tokens ++ y.tokens
+        tokens = x.tokens ++ y.tokens,
+        errors = x.errors ++ y.errors,
+        warnings = x.warnings ++ y.warnings
       )
 
   trait Implicits[S[_]] {
-    implicit val lspContextMonoid: Monoid[LspContext[S]]
+    val lspContextMonoid: Monoid[LspContext[S]]
   }
 
   def implicits[S[_]](init: LspContext[S]): Implicits[S] = new Implicits[S] {
 
-    override implicit val lspContextMonoid: Monoid[LspContext[S]] = new Monoid[LspContext[S]] {
+    override val lspContextMonoid: Monoid[LspContext[S]] = new Monoid[LspContext[S]] {
       override def empty: LspContext[S] = init
 
       override def combine(x: LspContext[S], y: LspContext[S]): LspContext[S] = {
-        semiLsp[S].combine(x, y)
+        Semigroup[LspContext[S]].combine(x, y)
       }
     }
 

language-server/language-server-api/src/main/scala/aqua/lsp/LspSemantics.scala

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ package aqua.lsp
 import aqua.parser.Ast
 import aqua.parser.head.{ImportExpr, ImportFromExpr, UseExpr, UseFromExpr}
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, Token}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.LocationsState
-import aqua.semantics.{CompilerState, RawSemantics, RulesViolated, SemanticError, Semantics}
+import aqua.semantics.{CompilerState, RawSemantics, SemanticError, SemanticWarning, Semantics}
+
 import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid}
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
 import cats.syntax.apply.*
 import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
 import cats.syntax.functor.*
 import cats.syntax.foldable.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 import cats.syntax.reducible.*
 import cats.data.{NonEmptyChain, ValidatedNec}
 import monocle.Lens
@@ -19,22 +20,23 @@ import monocle.macros.GenLens
 
 class LspSemantics[S[_]] extends Semantics[S, LspContext[S]] {
 
-  def getImportTokens(ast: Ast[S]): List[LiteralToken[S]] = {
+  private def getImportTokens(ast: Ast[S]): List[LiteralToken[S]] =
-    ast.head.foldLeft[List[LiteralToken[S]]](Nil) { case (l, header) =>
+    ast.collectHead {
-      header match {
+      case ImportExpr(fn) => fn
-        case ImportExpr(fn) => l :+ fn
+      case ImportFromExpr(_, fn) => fn
-        case ImportFromExpr(_, fn) => l :+ fn
+      case UseExpr(fn, _) => fn
-        case UseExpr(fn, _) => l :+ fn
+      case UseFromExpr(_, fn, _) => fn
-        case UseFromExpr(_, fn, _) => l :+ fn
+    }.value.toList
-        case _ => l
-      }
-    }
-  }
 
+  /**
+   * Process the AST and return the semantics result.
+   * NOTE: LspSemantics never return errors or warnings,
+   * they are collected in LspContext.
+   */
   def process(
     ast: Ast[S],
     init: LspContext[S]
-  ): ValidatedNec[SemanticError[S], LspContext[S]] = {
+  ): ProcessResult = {
 
     val rawState = CompilerState.init[S](init.raw)
 
@@ -53,22 +55,15 @@ class LspSemantics[S[_]] extends Semantics[S, LspContext[S]] {
 
     val importTokens = getImportTokens(ast)
 
-    implicit val ls: Lens[CompilerState[S], LocationsState[S]] =
+    given Lens[CompilerState[S], LocationsState[S]] =
       GenLens[CompilerState[S]](_.locations)
 
-    import monocle.syntax.all.*
+    given LocationsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]] =
-    implicit val re: ReportErrors[S, CompilerState[S]] =
-      (st: CompilerState[S], token: Token[S], hints: List[String]) =>
-        st.focus(_.errors).modify(_.append(RulesViolated(token, hints)))
-
-    implicit val locationsInterpreter: LocationsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]] =
       new LocationsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]()
 
     RawSemantics
       .interpret(ast, initState, init.raw)
       .map { case (state, ctx) =>
-        // TODO: better to change return type in `process` method
-        Valid(
         LspContext(
           raw = ctx,
           rootArrows = state.names.rootArrows,
@@ -77,9 +72,9 @@ class LspSemantics[S[_]] extends Semantics[S, LspContext[S]] {
           locations = state.locations.allLocations,
           importTokens = importTokens,
           tokens = state.locations.tokens,
-            errors = state.errors.toList
+          errors = state.errors.toList,
-          )
+          warnings = state.warnings.toList
-        )
+        ).pure[Result]
       }
       // TODO: return as Eval
       .value

language-server/language-server-npm/aqua-lsp-api.d.ts

@@ -23,8 +23,16 @@ export interface ErrorInfo {
     location: string | null
 }
 
+export interface WarningInfo {
+    start: number,
+    end: number,
+    message: string,
+    location: string | null
+}
+
 export interface CompilationResult {
     errors: ErrorInfo[],
+    warnings: WarningInfo[],
     locations: TokenLink[],
     importLocations: TokenImport[]
 }

linker/src/main/scala/aqua/linker/Linker.scala

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ object Linker extends Logging {
             val importKeys = m.dependsOn.keySet
             logger.debug(s"${m.id} dependsOn $importKeys")
             val deps: T => T =
-              importKeys.map(acc).foldLeft[T => T](identity) { case (fAcc, f) =>
+              importKeys.map(acc).foldLeft(identity[T]) { case (fAcc, f) =>
                 logger.debug("COMBINING ONE TIME ")
                 t => {
                   logger.debug(s"call combine $t")
@@ -132,7 +132,10 @@ object Linker extends Logging {
     else {
       val result = iter(modules.loaded.values.toList, Map.empty, cycleError)
 
-      result.map(_.collect { case (i, f) if modules.exports(i) => i -> f(empty(i)) })
+      result.map(_.collect {
+        case (i, f) if modules.exports(i) =>
+          i -> f(empty(i))
+      })
     }
 
 }

model/raw/src/main/scala/aqua/raw/RawContext.scala

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ case class RawContext(
 object RawContext {
   val blank: RawContext = RawContext()
 
-  implicit val semiRC: Semigroup[RawContext] =
+  given Semigroup[RawContext] =
     (x: RawContext, y: RawContext) =>
       RawContext(
         x.init.flatMap(xi => y.init.map(xi |+| _)) orElse x.init orElse y.init,
@@ -126,16 +126,16 @@ object RawContext {
       )
 
   trait Implicits {
-    implicit val rawContextMonoid: Monoid[RawContext]
+    val rawContextMonoid: Monoid[RawContext]
   }
 
   def implicits(init: RawContext): Implicits = new Implicits {
 
-    override implicit val rawContextMonoid: Monoid[RawContext] = new Monoid[RawContext] {
+    override val rawContextMonoid: Monoid[RawContext] = new Monoid[RawContext] {
       override def empty: RawContext = init
 
       override def combine(x: RawContext, y: RawContext): RawContext =
-        semiRC.combine(x, y)
+        Semigroup[RawContext].combine(x, y)
     }
 
   }

parser/src/main/scala/aqua/parser/Ast.scala

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import aqua.parser.lift.LiftParser.*
 import aqua.helpers.Tree
 
 import cats.data.{Chain, Validated, ValidatedNec}
+import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
 import cats.free.Cofree
 import cats.{Comonad, Eval}
 import cats.~>
@@ -19,6 +20,14 @@ case class Ast[S[_]](head: Ast.Head[S], tree: Ast.Tree[S]) {
 
   def cataHead[T](folder: (HeaderExpr[S], Chain[T]) => Eval[T]): Eval[T] =
     Cofree.cata[Chain, HeaderExpr[S], T](head)(folder)
+
+  def collectHead[T](pf: PartialFunction[HeaderExpr[S], T]): Eval[Chain[T]] =
+    cataHead((e, acc: Chain[Chain[T]]) =>
+      Eval.later {
+        val flatAcc = acc.flatten
+        if (pf.isDefinedAt(e)) flatAcc :+ pf(e) else flatAcc
+      }
+    )
 }
 
 object Ast {

parser/src/main/scala/aqua/parser/lift/FileSpan.scala

@@ -9,8 +9,14 @@ import scala.language.implicitConversions
 // TODO: move FileSpan to another package?
 case class FileSpan(name: String, locationMap: Eval[LocationMap], span: Span) {
 
+  /**
+   * Focus on the line pointed by the span
+   *
+   * @param ctx How many lines to capture before and after the line
+   * @return FileSpan.Focus
+   */
   def focus(ctx: Int): Option[FileSpan.Focus] =
-    span.focus(locationMap, ctx).map(FileSpan.Focus(name, locationMap, ctx, _))
+    span.focus(locationMap.value, ctx).map(FileSpan.Focus(name, locationMap, ctx, _))
 }
 
 object FileSpan {
@@ -18,12 +24,12 @@ object FileSpan {
   case class Focus(name: String, locationMap: Eval[LocationMap], ctx: Int, spanFocus: Span.Focus) {
 
     def toConsoleStr(
-      errorType: String,
+      messageType: String,
       msgs: List[String],
       onLeft: String,
       onRight: String = Console.RESET
     ): String =
-      onLeft + "---- " + errorType + ": " + s"$name:${spanFocus.line._1 + 1}:${spanFocus.column + 1}" + onRight +
+      onLeft + "---- " + messageType + ": " + s"$name:${spanFocus.focus.number + 1}:${spanFocus.column + 1}" + onRight +
         spanFocus.toConsoleStr(
           msgs,
           onLeft,

parser/src/main/scala/aqua/parser/lift/Span.scala

@@ -1,86 +1,127 @@
 package aqua.parser.lift
 
 import cats.data.NonEmptyList
-import cats.parse.{LocationMap, Parser0, Parser as P}
+import cats.parse.{LocationMap, Parser as P, Parser0}
 import cats.{Comonad, Eval}
 
 import scala.language.implicitConversions
 
 case class Span(startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) {
 
-  def focus(locationMap: Eval[LocationMap], ctx: Int): Option[Span.Focus] = {
+  /**
-    val map = locationMap.value
+   * Focus on the line pointed by the span
-    map.toLineCol(startIndex).flatMap { case (line, column) =>
+   *
-      map
+   * @param locationMap Locations Map
-        .getLine(line)
+   * @param ctx how many lines to capture before and after the line
-        .map { l =>
+   * @return Span.Focus
-          val pre =
+   */
-            (Math.max(0, line - ctx) until line).map(i => map.getLine(i).map(i -> _)).toList.flatten
+  def focus(locationMap: LocationMap, ctx: Int): Option[Span.Focus] =
-          val linePos = {
+    for {
-            val (l1, l2) = l.splitAt(column)
+      lineCol <- locationMap.toLineCol(startIndex)
-            val (lc, l3) = l2.splitAt(endIndex - startIndex)
+      (lineNum, columnNum) = lineCol
-            (line, l1, lc, l3)
+      line <- locationMap.getLine(lineNum)
-          }
+      focused = Span.focus(line, columnNum, endIndex - startIndex)
-          val post =
+      pre = Span.getLines(locationMap, lineNum - ctx, lineNum)
-            ((line + 1) to (line + ctx)).map(i => map.getLine(i).map(i -> _)).toList.flatten
+      post = Span.getLines(locationMap, lineNum + 1, lineNum + ctx + 1)
-          Span.Focus(
+    } yield Span.Focus(
       pre,
-            linePos,
+      focused.numbered(lineNum),
       post,
-            column
+      columnNum
     )
-        }
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 object Span {
 
+  private def getLines(
+    locationMap: LocationMap,
+    from: Int,
+    to: Int
+  ): List[NumberedLine[String]] =
+    (from until to)
+      .map(i =>
+        locationMap
+          .getLine(i)
+          .map(NumberedLine(i, _))
+      )
+      .toList
+      .flatten
+
+  private def focus(
+    str: String,
+    idx: Int,
+    len: Int
+  ): FocusedLine = FocusedLine(
+    str.substring(0, idx),
+    str.substring(idx, idx + len),
+    str.substring(idx + len)
+  )
+
+  final case class NumberedLine[T](
+    number: Int,
+    line: T
+  )
+
+  final case class FocusedLine(
+    pre: String,
+    focus: String,
+    post: String
+  ) {
+
+    def numbered(n: Int): NumberedLine[FocusedLine] =
+      NumberedLine(n, this)
+  }
+
   case class Focus(
-    pre: List[(Int, String)],
+    pre: List[NumberedLine[String]],
-    line: (Int, String, String, String),
+    focus: NumberedLine[FocusedLine],
-    post: List[(Int, String)],
+    post: List[NumberedLine[String]],
     column: Int
   ) {
 
-    private lazy val lastN = post.lastOption.map(_._1).getOrElse(line._1) + 1
+    private lazy val lastN = post.lastOption.map(_.number).getOrElse(focus.number) + 1
     private lazy val lastNSize = lastN.toString.length
 
-    private def formatLine(l: (Int, String), onLeft: String, onRight: String) =
+    private def formatLine(l: NumberedLine[String], onLeft: String, onRight: String) =
-      formatLN(l._1, onLeft, onRight) + l._2
+      formatLN(l.number, onLeft, onRight) + l.line
 
     private def formatLN(ln: Int, onLeft: String, onRight: String) = {
       val s = (ln + 1).toString
       onLeft + s + (" " * (lastNSize - s.length)) + onRight + " "
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Format the focus for console output
+     *
+     * @param msgs Messages to display
+     * @param onLeft Control sequence to put on the left
+     * @param onRight Control sequence to put on the right
+     */
     def toConsoleStr(
       msgs: List[String],
       onLeft: String,
       onRight: String = Console.RESET
     ): String = {
-      val line3Length = line._3.length
+      val focusLength = focus.line.focus.length
-      val line3Mult = if (line3Length == 0) 1 else line3Length
+      val focusMult = if (focusLength == 0) 1 else focusLength
-      val message = msgs.map(m => (" " * (line._2.length + lastNSize + 1)) + m).mkString("\n")
+      val message = msgs
+        .map(m => (" " * (focus.line.focus.length + lastNSize + 1)) + m)
+        .mkString("\n")
 
       pre.map(formatLine(_, onLeft, onRight)).mkString("\n") +
         "\n" +
-        formatLN(line._1, onLeft, onRight) +
+        formatLN(focus.number, onLeft, onRight) +
-        line._2 +
+        focus.line.pre +
-        onLeft +
+        onLeft + focus.line.focus + onRight +
-        line._3 +
+        focus.line.post +
-        onRight +
-        line._4 +
         "\n" +
-        (" " * (line._2.length + lastNSize + 1)) +
+        (" " * (focus.line.pre.length + lastNSize + 1)) +
         onLeft +
-        ("^" * line3Mult) +
+        ("^" * focusMult) +
-        ("=" * line._4.length) +
+        ("=" * focus.line.post.length) +
         onRight +
         "\n" +
-        onLeft +
+        onLeft + message + onRight +
-        message +
-        onRight +
         "\n" +
         post.map(formatLine(_, onLeft, onRight)).mkString("\n")
     }
@@ -104,7 +145,6 @@ object Span {
     def lift0: Parser0[Span.S[T]] = Span.spanLiftParser.lift0(p)
   }
 
-
   implicit object spanLiftParser extends LiftParser[S] {
 
     override def lift[T](p: P[T]): P[S[T]] =

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/CompilerState.scala

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.LocationsState
 import aqua.semantics.rules.names.NamesState
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.TypesState
 import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.ManglerState
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.ReportState
 
 import cats.Semigroup
 import cats.data.{Chain, State}
@@ -19,14 +19,18 @@ import monocle.Lens
 import monocle.macros.GenLens
 
 case class CompilerState[S[_]](
-  errors: Chain[SemanticError[S]] = Chain.empty[SemanticError[S]],
+  report: ReportState[S] = ReportState[S](),
   mangler: ManglerState = ManglerState(),
   names: NamesState[S] = NamesState[S](),
   abilities: AbilitiesState[S] = AbilitiesState[S](),
   types: TypesState[S] = TypesState[S](),
   definitions: DefinitionsState[S] = DefinitionsState[S](),
   locations: LocationsState[S] = LocationsState[S]()
-)
+) {
+
+  lazy val errors: Chain[SemanticError[S]] = report.errors
+  lazy val warnings: Chain[SemanticWarning[S]] = report.warnings
+}
 
 object CompilerState {
   type St[S[_]] = State[CompilerState[S], Raw]
@@ -38,6 +42,9 @@ object CompilerState {
       types = TypesState.init[F](ctx)
     )
 
+  given [S[_]]: Lens[CompilerState[S], ReportState[S]] =
+    GenLens[CompilerState[S]](_.report)
+
   given [S[_]]: Lens[CompilerState[S], NamesState[S]] =
     GenLens[CompilerState[S]](_.names)
 
@@ -53,18 +60,6 @@ object CompilerState {
   given [S[_]]: Lens[CompilerState[S], DefinitionsState[S]] =
     GenLens[CompilerState[S]](_.definitions)
 
-  given [S[_]]: ReportErrors[S, CompilerState[S]] =
-    new ReportErrors[S, CompilerState[S]] {
-      import monocle.syntax.all.*
-
-      override def apply(
-        st: CompilerState[S],
-        token: Token[S],
-        hints: List[String]
-      ): CompilerState[S] =
-        st.focus(_.errors).modify(_.append(RulesViolated(token, hints)))
-    }
-
   given [S[_]]: Monoid[St[S]] with {
     override def empty: St[S] = State.pure(Raw.Empty("compiler state monoid empty"))
 
@@ -73,7 +68,7 @@ object CompilerState {
       b <- y.get
       _ <- State.set(
         CompilerState[S](
-          a.errors ++ b.errors,
+          a.report |+| b.report,
           a.mangler |+| b.mangler,
           a.names |+| b.names,
           a.abilities |+| b.abilities,

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/RawSemantics.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+package aqua.semantics
+
+import aqua.errors.Errors.internalError
+import aqua.raw.ops.*
+import aqua.semantics.rules.abilities.{AbilitiesAlgebra, AbilitiesInterpreter, AbilitiesState}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.definitions.{DefinitionsAlgebra, DefinitionsInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.{DummyLocationsInterpreter, LocationsAlgebra}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.names.{NamesAlgebra, NamesInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.{ManglerAlgebra, ManglerInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.types.{TypesAlgebra, TypesInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.{ReportAlgebra, ReportInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.header.Picker
+import aqua.semantics.header.Picker.*
+import aqua.raw.{Raw, RawContext, RawPart}
+import aqua.parser.{Ast, Expr}
+import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, Token}
+
+import cats.{Eval, Monad}
+import cats.data.{Chain, EitherT, NonEmptyChain, State, StateT, ValidatedNec, Writer}
+import cats.syntax.applicative.*
+import cats.syntax.option.*
+import cats.syntax.apply.*
+import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
+import cats.syntax.functor.*
+import cats.syntax.foldable.*
+import cats.syntax.reducible.*
+import cats.syntax.traverse.*
+import cats.syntax.semigroup.*
+import scribe.Logging
+
+class RawSemantics[S[_]](using
+  Picker[RawContext]
+) extends Semantics[S, RawContext] {
+
+  override def process(
+    ast: Ast[S],
+    init: RawContext
+  ): ProcessResult = {
+
+    given LocationsAlgebra[S, State[CompilerState[S], *]] =
+      new DummyLocationsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]()
+
+    RawSemantics
+      .interpret(ast, CompilerState.init(init), init)
+      .map { case (state, ctx) =>
+        EitherT(
+          Writer
+            .tell(state.warnings)
+            .as(
+              NonEmptyChain
+                .fromChain(state.errors)
+                .toLeft(ctx)
+            )
+        )
+      }
+      // TODO: return as Eval
+      .value
+  }
+}
+
+object RawSemantics extends Logging {
+
+  /**
+   * [[RawTag.Tree]] with [[Token]] used for error reporting
+   */
+  private final case class RawTagWithToken[S[_]](
+    tree: RawTag.Tree,
+    token: Token[S]
+  ) {
+    lazy val tag: RawTag = tree.head
+
+    private def modifyTree(f: RawTag.Tree => RawTag.Tree): RawTagWithToken[S] =
+      copy(tree = f(tree))
+
+    /**
+     * Wrap tail of @param next in [[SeqTag]]
+     * and append it to current tree tail
+     */
+    def append(next: RawTagWithToken[S]): RawTagWithToken[S] = modifyTree(tree =>
+      tree.copy(
+        tail = (
+          tree.tail,
+          // SeqTag.wrap will return single node as is
+          next.tree.tail.map(SeqTag.wrap)
+        ).mapN(_ :+ _)
+      )
+    )
+
+    def wrapIn(tag: GroupTag): RawTagWithToken[S] = modifyTree(tree => tag.wrap(tree))
+
+    def toRaw: RawWithToken[S] = RawWithToken(FuncOp(tree), token)
+  }
+
+  private def elseWithoutIf[S[_], G[_]](
+    token: Token[S]
+  )(using report: ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
+    report.error(token, "Unexpected `else` without `if`" :: Nil)
+
+  private def catchWithoutTry[S[_], G[_]](
+    token: Token[S]
+  )(using report: ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
+    report.error(token, "Unexpected `catch` without `try`" :: Nil)
+
+  private def otherwiseWithoutPrev[S[_], G[_]](
+    token: Token[S]
+  )(using report: ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
+    report.error(token, "Unexpected `otherwise` without previous instruction" :: Nil)
+
+  private def parWithoutPrev[S[_], G[_]](
+    token: Token[S]
+  )(using report: ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
+    report.error(token, "Unexpected `par` without previous instruction" :: Nil)
+
+  /**
+   * Optionally combine two [[RawTag.Tree]] into one.
+   * Used to combine `if` and `else`,
+   * `try` and `catch` (`otherwise`);
+   * to create [[ParTag]] from `par`,
+   * [[TryTag]] from `otherwise`
+   *
+   * @param prev Previous tag
+   * @param next Next tag
+   * @param E Algebra for error reporting
+   * @return    [[Some]] with result of combination
+   *            [[None]] if tags should not be combined
+   *                        or error occuried
+   */
+  private def rawTagCombine[S[_], G[_]: Monad](
+    prev: RawTagWithToken[S],
+    next: RawTagWithToken[S]
+  )(using E: ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[Option[RawTagWithToken[S]]] =
+    (prev.tag, next.tag) match {
+      case (_: IfTag, IfTag.Else) =>
+        prev.append(next).some.pure
+      case (_, IfTag.Else) | (IfTag.Else, _) =>
+        val token = prev.tag match {
+          case IfTag.Else => prev.token
+          case _ => next.token
+        }
+
+        elseWithoutIf(token).as(none)
+
+      case (TryTag, TryTag.Catch) =>
+        prev.append(next).some.pure
+      case (_, TryTag.Catch) | (TryTag.Catch, _) =>
+        val token = prev.tag match {
+          case TryTag.Catch => prev.token
+          case _ => next.token
+        }
+
+        catchWithoutTry(token).as(none)
+
+      case (TryTag.Otherwise, _) =>
+        otherwiseWithoutPrev(prev.token).as(none)
+      case (TryTag, TryTag.Otherwise) =>
+        prev.append(next).some.pure
+      case (_, TryTag.Otherwise) =>
+        prev
+          .wrapIn(TryTag)
+          .append(next)
+          .some
+          .pure
+
+      case (ParTag.Par, _) =>
+        parWithoutPrev(prev.token).as(none)
+      case (ParTag, ParTag.Par) =>
+        prev.append(next).some.pure
+      case (_, ParTag.Par) =>
+        prev
+          .wrapIn(ParTag)
+          .append(next)
+          .some
+          .pure
+
+      case _ => none.pure
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if tag is valid to be single
+   *
+   * @param single tag
+   * @param E Algebra for error reporting
+   * @return   [[Some]] if tag is valid to be single
+   *           [[None]] otherwise
+   */
+  private def rawTagSingleCheck[S[_], G[_]: Monad](
+    single: RawTagWithToken[S]
+  )(using E: ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[Option[RawTagWithToken[S]]] =
+    single.tag match {
+      case IfTag.Else => elseWithoutIf(single.token).as(none)
+      case TryTag.Catch => catchWithoutTry(single.token).as(none)
+      case TryTag.Otherwise => otherwiseWithoutPrev(single.token).as(none)
+      case ParTag.Par => parWithoutPrev(single.token).as(none)
+      case _ => single.some.pure
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * [[Raw]] with [[Token]] used for error reporting
+   */
+  private final case class RawWithToken[S[_]](
+    raw: Raw,
+    token: Token[S]
+  ) {
+
+    def toTag: Option[RawTagWithToken[S]] =
+      raw match {
+        case FuncOp(tree) => RawTagWithToken(tree, token).some
+        case _ => none
+      }
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * State for folding [[Raw]] results of children
+   *
+   * @param last Last seen [[Raw]] with [[Token]]
+   * @param acc All previous [[Raw]]
+   */
+  private final case class InnersFoldState[S[_]](
+    last: Option[RawWithToken[S]] = None,
+    acc: Chain[Raw] = Chain.empty
+  ) {
+
+    /**
+     * Process new incoming [[Raw]]
+     */
+    def step[G[_]: Monad](
+      next: RawWithToken[S]
+    )(using ReportAlgebra[S, G]): G[InnersFoldState[S]] =
+      last.fold(copy(last = next.some).pure)(prev =>
+        (prev.toTag, next.toTag)
+          .traverseN(rawTagCombine)
+          .map(
+            _.flatten.fold(
+              // No combination - just update last and acc
+              copy(
+                last = next.some,
+                acc = prev.raw +: acc
+              )
+            )(combined =>
+              // Result of combination is the new last
+              copy(
+                last = combined.toRaw.some
+              )
+            )
+          )
+      )
+
+    /**
+     * Produce result of folding
+     */
+    def result[G[_]: Monad](using
+      ReportAlgebra[S, G]
+    ): G[Option[Raw]] =
+      if (acc.isEmpty)
+        // Hack to report error if single tag in block is incorrect
+        last.flatTraverse(single =>
+          single.toTag.fold(single.raw.some.pure)(singleTag =>
+            for {
+              checked <- rawTagSingleCheck(singleTag)
+              maybeRaw = checked.map(_.toRaw.raw)
+            } yield maybeRaw
+          )
+        )
+      else
+        last
+          .fold(acc)(_.raw +: acc)
+          .reverse
+          .reduceLeftOption(_ |+| _)
+          .pure
+  }
+
+  private def folder[S[_], G[_]: Monad](using
+    A: AbilitiesAlgebra[S, G],
+    N: NamesAlgebra[S, G],
+    T: TypesAlgebra[S, G],
+    D: DefinitionsAlgebra[S, G],
+    L: LocationsAlgebra[S, G],
+    E: ReportAlgebra[S, G]
+  ): (Expr[S], Chain[G[RawWithToken[S]]]) => Eval[G[RawWithToken[S]]] = (expr, inners) =>
+    Eval later ExprSem
+      .getProg[S, G](expr)
+      .apply(for {
+        children <- inners.sequence
+        resultState <- children
+          .traverse(raw => StateT.modifyF((state: InnersFoldState[S]) => state.step(raw)))
+          .runS(InnersFoldState())
+        result <- resultState.result
+      } yield result.getOrElse(Raw.empty("AST is empty")))
+      .map(raw => RawWithToken(raw, expr.token))
+
+  type Interpreter[S[_], A] = State[CompilerState[S], A]
+
+  def transpile[S[_]](ast: Ast[S])(using
+    LocationsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]]
+  ): Interpreter[S, Raw] = {
+
+    given ReportAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
+      new ReportInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
+    given TypesAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
+      new TypesInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
+    given ManglerAlgebra[Interpreter[S, *]] =
+      new ManglerInterpreter[CompilerState[S]]
+    given AbilitiesAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
+      new AbilitiesInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
+    given NamesAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
+      new NamesInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
+    given DefinitionsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
+      new DefinitionsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
+
+    ast
+      .cata(folder[S, Interpreter[S, *]])
+      .value
+      .map(_.raw)
+  }
+
+  private def astToState[S[_]](ast: Ast[S])(using
+    locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]]
+  ): Interpreter[S, Raw] =
+    transpile[S](ast)
+
+  // If there are any errors, they're inside CompilerState[S]
+  def interpret[S[_]](
+    ast: Ast[S],
+    initState: CompilerState[S],
+    init: RawContext
+  )(using
+    LocationsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]]
+  ): Eval[(CompilerState[S], RawContext)] =
+    astToState[S](ast)
+      .run(initState)
+      .map {
+        case (state, _: Raw.Empty) =>
+          // No `parts`, but has `init`
+          (
+            state,
+            RawContext.blank.copy(
+              init = Some(init.copy(module = init.module.map(_ + "|init")))
+                .filter(_ != RawContext.blank)
+            )
+          )
+
+        case (state, part: (RawPart | RawPart.Parts)) =>
+          state -> RawPart
+            .contextPart(part)
+            .parts
+            .foldLeft(
+              RawContext.blank.copy(
+                init = Some(init.copy(module = init.module.map(_ + "|init")))
+                  .filter(_ != RawContext.blank)
+              )
+            ) { case (ctx, p) =>
+              ctx.copy(parts = ctx.parts :+ (ctx -> p))
+            }
+
+        case (_, m) =>
+          internalError(
+            s"Unexpected Raw ($m)"
+          )
+      }
+}

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/SemanticWarning.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package aqua.semantics
+
+import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
+
+final case class SemanticWarning[S[_]](
+  token: Token[S],
+  hints: List[String]
+)

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/Semantics.scala

@@ -1,370 +1,27 @@
 package aqua.semantics
 
-import aqua.errors.Errors.internalError
+import aqua.parser.Ast
-import aqua.parser.head.{HeadExpr, HeaderExpr, ImportExpr, ImportFromExpr}
+import aqua.semantics.SemanticError
-import aqua.parser.lexer.{LiteralToken, Token}
-import aqua.parser.{Ast, Expr}
-import aqua.raw.ops.{FuncOp, SeqGroupTag}
-import aqua.raw.{Raw, RawContext, RawPart}
-import aqua.semantics.header.Picker
-import aqua.semantics.header.Picker.*
-import aqua.semantics.rules.abilities.{AbilitiesAlgebra, AbilitiesInterpreter, AbilitiesState}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.definitions.{DefinitionsAlgebra, DefinitionsInterpreter}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.{DummyLocationsInterpreter, LocationsAlgebra}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.names.{NamesAlgebra, NamesInterpreter}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.{ManglerAlgebra, ManglerInterpreter}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.types.{TypesAlgebra, TypesInterpreter}
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ErrorsAlgebra
-import aqua.raw.ops.*
 
-import cats.arrow.FunctionK
+import cats.data.{Chain, EitherNec, EitherT, NonEmptyChain, ValidatedNec, Writer}
-import cats.data.*
-import cats.Reducible
-import cats.data.Chain.*
-import cats.data.Validated.{Invalid, Valid}
-import cats.kernel.Monoid
-import cats.syntax.applicative.*
-import cats.syntax.option.*
-import cats.syntax.apply.*
-import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
-import cats.syntax.functor.*
-import cats.syntax.foldable.*
-import cats.syntax.reducible.*
-import cats.syntax.traverse.*
-import cats.free.CofreeInstances
-import cats.syntax.semigroup.*
-import cats.{Eval, Monad, Semigroup}
-import monocle.Lens
-import monocle.macros.GenLens
-import scribe.{log, Logging}
-import cats.free.Cofree
 
 trait Semantics[S[_], C] {
 
+  final type Warnings = [A] =>> Writer[
+    Chain[SemanticWarning[S]],
+    A
+  ]
+
+  final type Result = [A] =>> EitherT[
+    Warnings,
+    NonEmptyChain[SemanticError[S]],
+    A
+  ]
+
+  final type ProcessResult = Result[C]
+
   def process(
     ast: Ast[S],
     init: C
-  ): ValidatedNec[SemanticError[S], C]
+  ): ProcessResult
-}
-
-class RawSemantics[S[_]](implicit p: Picker[RawContext]) extends Semantics[S, RawContext] {
-
-  def process(
-    ast: Ast[S],
-    init: RawContext
-  ): ValidatedNec[SemanticError[S], RawContext] = {
-
-    implicit val locationsInterpreter: DummyLocationsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]] =
-      new DummyLocationsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]()
-
-    RawSemantics
-      .interpret(ast, CompilerState.init(init), init)
-      .map { case (state, ctx) =>
-        NonEmptyChain
-          .fromChain(state.errors)
-          .toInvalid(ctx)
-      }
-      // TODO: return as Eval
-      .value
-  }
-}
-
-object RawSemantics extends Logging {
-
-  /**
-   * [[RawTag.Tree]] with [[Token]] used for error reporting
-   */
-  private final case class RawTagWithToken[S[_]](
-    tree: RawTag.Tree,
-    token: Token[S]
-  ) {
-    lazy val tag: RawTag = tree.head
-
-    private def modifyTree(f: RawTag.Tree => RawTag.Tree): RawTagWithToken[S] =
-      copy(tree = f(tree))
-
-    /**
-     * Wrap tail of @param next in [[SeqTag]]
-     * and append it to current tree tail
-     */
-    def append(next: RawTagWithToken[S]): RawTagWithToken[S] = modifyTree(tree =>
-      tree.copy(
-        tail = (
-          tree.tail,
-          // SeqTag.wrap will return single node as is
-          next.tree.tail.map(SeqTag.wrap)
-        ).mapN(_ :+ _)
-      )
-    )
-
-    def wrapIn(tag: GroupTag): RawTagWithToken[S] = modifyTree(tree => tag.wrap(tree))
-
-    def toRaw: RawWithToken[S] = RawWithToken(FuncOp(tree), token)
-  }
-
-  private def elseWithoutIf[S[_], G[_]](
-    token: Token[S]
-  )(using E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
-    E.report(token, "Unexpected `else` without `if`" :: Nil)
-
-  private def catchWithoutTry[S[_], G[_]](
-    token: Token[S]
-  )(using E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
-    E.report(token, "Unexpected `catch` without `try`" :: Nil)
-
-  private def otherwiseWithoutPrev[S[_], G[_]](
-    token: Token[S]
-  )(using E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
-    E.report(token, "Unexpected `otherwise` without previous instruction" :: Nil)
-
-  private def parWithoutPrev[S[_], G[_]](
-    token: Token[S]
-  )(using E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[Unit] =
-    E.report(token, "Unexpected `par` without previous instruction" :: Nil)
-
-  /**
-   * Optionally combine two [[RawTag.Tree]] into one.
-   * Used to combine `if` and `else`,
-   * `try` and `catch` (`otherwise`);
-   * to create [[ParTag]] from `par`,
-   * [[TryTag]] from `otherwise`
-   *
-   * @param prev Previous tag
-   * @param next Next tag
-   * @param E Algebra for error reporting
-   * @return    [[Some]] with result of combination
-   *            [[None]] if tags should not be combined
-   *                        or error occuried
-   */
-  private def rawTagCombine[S[_], G[_]: Monad](
-    prev: RawTagWithToken[S],
-    next: RawTagWithToken[S]
-  )(using E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[Option[RawTagWithToken[S]]] =
-    (prev.tag, next.tag) match {
-      case (_: IfTag, IfTag.Else) =>
-        prev.append(next).some.pure
-      case (_, IfTag.Else) | (IfTag.Else, _) =>
-        val token = prev.tag match {
-          case IfTag.Else => prev.token
-          case _ => next.token
-        }
-
-        elseWithoutIf(token).as(none)
-
-      case (TryTag, TryTag.Catch) =>
-        prev.append(next).some.pure
-      case (_, TryTag.Catch) | (TryTag.Catch, _) =>
-        val token = prev.tag match {
-          case TryTag.Catch => prev.token
-          case _ => next.token
-        }
-
-        catchWithoutTry(token).as(none)
-
-      case (TryTag.Otherwise, _) =>
-        otherwiseWithoutPrev(prev.token).as(none)
-      case (TryTag, TryTag.Otherwise) =>
-        prev.append(next).some.pure
-      case (_, TryTag.Otherwise) =>
-        prev
-          .wrapIn(TryTag)
-          .append(next)
-          .some
-          .pure
-
-      case (ParTag.Par, _) =>
-        parWithoutPrev(prev.token).as(none)
-      case (ParTag, ParTag.Par) =>
-        prev.append(next).some.pure
-      case (_, ParTag.Par) =>
-        prev
-          .wrapIn(ParTag)
-          .append(next)
-          .some
-          .pure
-
-      case _ => none.pure
-    }
-
-  /**
-   * Check if tag is valid to be single
-   *
-   * @param single tag
-   * @param E Algebra for error reporting
-   * @return   [[Some]] if tag is valid to be single
-   *           [[None]] otherwise
-   */
-  private def rawTagSingleCheck[S[_], G[_]: Monad](
-    single: RawTagWithToken[S]
-  )(using E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[Option[RawTagWithToken[S]]] =
-    single.tag match {
-      case IfTag.Else => elseWithoutIf(single.token).as(none)
-      case TryTag.Catch => catchWithoutTry(single.token).as(none)
-      case TryTag.Otherwise => otherwiseWithoutPrev(single.token).as(none)
-      case ParTag.Par => parWithoutPrev(single.token).as(none)
-      case _ => single.some.pure
-    }
-
-  /**
-   * [[Raw]] with [[Token]] used for error reporting
-   */
-  private final case class RawWithToken[S[_]](
-    raw: Raw,
-    token: Token[S]
-  ) {
-
-    def toTag: Option[RawTagWithToken[S]] =
-      raw match {
-        case FuncOp(tree) => RawTagWithToken(tree, token).some
-        case _ => none
-      }
-
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * State for folding [[Raw]] results of children
-   *
-   * @param last Last seen [[Raw]] with [[Token]]
-   * @param acc All previous [[Raw]]
-   */
-  private final case class InnersFoldState[S[_]](
-    last: Option[RawWithToken[S]] = None,
-    acc: Chain[Raw] = Chain.empty
-  ) {
-
-    /**
-     * Process new incoming [[Raw]]
-     */
-    def step[G[_]: Monad](
-      next: RawWithToken[S]
-    )(using ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]): G[InnersFoldState[S]] =
-      last.fold(copy(last = next.some).pure)(prev =>
-        (prev.toTag, next.toTag)
-          .traverseN(rawTagCombine)
-          .map(
-            _.flatten.fold(
-              // No combination - just update last and acc
-              copy(
-                last = next.some,
-                acc = prev.raw +: acc
-              )
-            )(combined =>
-              // Result of combination is the new last
-              copy(
-                last = combined.toRaw.some
-              )
-            )
-          )
-      )
-
-    /**
-     * Produce result of folding
-     */
-    def result[G[_]: Monad](using
-      ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]
-    ): G[Option[Raw]] =
-      if (acc.isEmpty)
-        // Hack to report error if single tag in block is incorrect
-        last.flatTraverse(single =>
-          single.toTag.fold(single.raw.some.pure)(singleTag =>
-            for {
-              checked <- rawTagSingleCheck(singleTag)
-              maybeRaw = checked.map(_.toRaw.raw)
-            } yield maybeRaw
-          )
-        )
-      else
-        last
-          .fold(acc)(_.raw +: acc)
-          .reverse
-          .reduceLeftOption(_ |+| _)
-          .pure
-  }
-
-  private def folder[S[_], G[_]: Monad](implicit
-    A: AbilitiesAlgebra[S, G],
-    N: NamesAlgebra[S, G],
-    T: TypesAlgebra[S, G],
-    D: DefinitionsAlgebra[S, G],
-    L: LocationsAlgebra[S, G],
-    E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, G]
-  ): (Expr[S], Chain[G[RawWithToken[S]]]) => Eval[G[RawWithToken[S]]] = (expr, inners) =>
-    Eval later ExprSem
-      .getProg[S, G](expr)
-      .apply(for {
-        children <- inners.sequence
-        resultState <- children
-          .traverse(raw => StateT.modifyF((state: InnersFoldState[S]) => state.step(raw)))
-          .runS(InnersFoldState())
-        result <- resultState.result
-      } yield result.getOrElse(Raw.empty("AST is empty")))
-      .map(raw => RawWithToken(raw, expr.token))
-
-  type Interpreter[S[_], A] = State[CompilerState[S], A]
-
-  def transpile[S[_]](ast: Ast[S])(using
-    LocationsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]]
-  ): Interpreter[S, Raw] = {
-
-    given TypesAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
-      new TypesInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
-    given ManglerAlgebra[Interpreter[S, *]] =
-      new ManglerInterpreter[CompilerState[S]]
-    given AbilitiesAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
-      new AbilitiesInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
-    given NamesAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
-      new NamesInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
-    given DefinitionsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]] =
-      new DefinitionsInterpreter[S, CompilerState[S]]
-
-    ast
-      .cata(folder[S, Interpreter[S, *]])
-      .value
-      .map(_.raw)
-  }
-
-  private def astToState[S[_]](ast: Ast[S])(implicit
-    locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]]
-  ): Interpreter[S, Raw] =
-    transpile[S](ast)
-
-  // If there are any errors, they're inside CompilerState[S]
-  def interpret[S[_]](
-    ast: Ast[S],
-    initState: CompilerState[S],
-    init: RawContext
-  )(implicit
-    locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, Interpreter[S, *]]
-  ): Eval[(CompilerState[S], RawContext)] =
-    astToState[S](ast)
-      .run(initState)
-      .map {
-        case (state, _: Raw.Empty) =>
-          // No `parts`, but has `init`
-          (
-            state,
-            RawContext.blank.copy(
-              init = Some(init.copy(module = init.module.map(_ + "|init")))
-                .filter(_ != RawContext.blank)
-            )
-          )
-
-        case (state, part: (RawPart | RawPart.Parts)) =>
-          state -> RawPart
-            .contextPart(part)
-            .parts
-            .foldLeft(
-              RawContext.blank.copy(
-                init = Some(init.copy(module = init.module.map(_ + "|init")))
-                  .filter(_ != RawContext.blank)
-              )
-            ) { case (ctx, p) =>
-              ctx.copy(parts = ctx.parts :+ (ctx -> p))
-            }
-        case (_, m) =>
-          internalError(
-            s"Unexpected Raw ($m)"
-          )
-      }
 }

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/expr/func/CallArrowSem.scala

@@ -10,19 +10,21 @@ import aqua.semantics.rules.ValuesAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.names.NamesAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.TypesAlgebra
 import aqua.types.{StreamType, Type}
+
 import cats.Monad
 import cats.syntax.flatMap.*
 import cats.syntax.functor.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
 import cats.syntax.option.*
 import cats.syntax.applicative.*
+import cats.syntax.apply.*
 import cats.syntax.comonad.*
 
 class CallArrowSem[S[_]](val expr: CallArrowExpr[S]) extends AnyVal {
 
   import expr.*
 
-  private def getExports[Alg[_]: Monad](callArrow: CallArrowRaw)(implicit
+  private def getExports[Alg[_]: Monad](callArrow: CallArrowRaw)(using
     N: NamesAlgebra[S, Alg],
     T: TypesAlgebra[S, Alg]
   ): Alg[List[Call.Export]] =
@@ -42,16 +44,11 @@ class CallArrowSem[S[_]](val expr: CallArrowExpr[S]) extends AnyVal {
   ): Alg[Option[FuncOp]] = for {
     // TODO: Accept other expressions
     callArrowRaw <- V.valueToCallArrowRaw(expr.callArrow)
-    maybeOp <- callArrowRaw.traverse(car =>
+    tag <- callArrowRaw.traverse(car =>
-      variables
+      getExports(car).map(CallArrowRawTag(_, car)) <*
-        .drop(car.baseType.codomain.length)
+        T.checkArrowCallResults(callArrow, car.baseType, variables)
-        .headOption
-        .fold(getExports(car))(
-          T.expectNoExport(_).as(Nil)
     )
-        .map(maybeExports => CallArrowRawTag(maybeExports, car).funcOpLeaf)
+  } yield tag.map(_.funcOpLeaf)
-    )
-  } yield maybeOp
 
   def program[Alg[_]: Monad](implicit
     N: NamesAlgebra[S, Alg],

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/StackInterpreter.scala

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package aqua.semantics.rules
 
 import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
 
 import cats.data.State
 import cats.syntax.functor.*
@@ -10,21 +9,12 @@ import monocle.Lens
 
 case class StackInterpreter[S[_], X, St, Fr](
   stackLens: Lens[St, List[Fr]]
-)(using
+)(using lens: Lens[X, St]) {
-  lens: Lens[X, St],
-  error: ReportErrors[S, X]
-) {
   type SX[A] = State[X, A]
 
   def getState: SX[St] = State.get.map(lens.get)
   def setState(st: St): SX[Unit] = State.modify(s => lens.replace(st)(s))
 
-  def reportError(t: Token[S], hints: List[String]): SX[Unit] =
-    State.modify(error(_, t, hints))
-
-  def report(t: Token[S], hint: String): SX[Unit] =
-    State.modify(error(_, t, hint :: Nil))
-
   def modify(f: St => St): SX[Unit] =
     State.modify(lens.modify(f))
 

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/ValuesAlgebra.scala

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import aqua.raw.value.*
 import aqua.semantics.rules.abilities.AbilitiesAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.names.NamesAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.TypesAlgebra
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ErrorsAlgebra
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.ReportAlgebra
 import aqua.types.*
 
 import cats.Monad
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ import scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap
 class ValuesAlgebra[S[_], Alg[_]: Monad](using
   N: NamesAlgebra[S, Alg],
   T: TypesAlgebra[S, Alg],
-  E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, Alg],
+  A: AbilitiesAlgebra[S, Alg],
-  A: AbilitiesAlgebra[S, Alg]
+  report: ReportAlgebra[S, Alg]
 ) extends Logging {
 
   private def resolveSingleProperty(rootType: Type, op: PropertyOp[S]): Alg[Option[PropertyRaw]] =
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ class ValuesAlgebra[S[_], Alg[_]: Monad](using
       _.flatTraverse {
         case ca: CallArrowRaw => ca.some.pure[Alg]
         // TODO: better error message (`raw` formatting)
-        case raw => E.report(v, s"Expected arrow call, got $raw").as(none)
+        case raw => report.error(v, s"Expected arrow call, got $raw").as(none)
       }
     )
 
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ object ValuesAlgebra {
     N: NamesAlgebra[S, Alg],
     T: TypesAlgebra[S, Alg],
     A: AbilitiesAlgebra[S, Alg],
-    E: ErrorsAlgebra[S, Alg]
+    E: ReportAlgebra[S, Alg]
   ): ValuesAlgebra[S, Alg] =
     new ValuesAlgebra[S, Alg]
 }

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/abilities/AbilitiesInterpreter.scala

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import aqua.parser.lexer.{Name, NamedTypeToken, Token, ValueToken}
 import aqua.raw.value.ValueRaw
 import aqua.raw.{RawContext, ServiceRaw}
 import aqua.semantics.Levenshtein
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.ReportAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.ManglerAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.LocationsAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.{abilities, StackInterpreter}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import monocle.macros.GenLens
 
 class AbilitiesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
   lens: Lens[X, AbilitiesState[S]],
-  error: ReportErrors[S, X],
+  report: ReportAlgebra[S, State[X, *]],
   mangler: ManglerAlgebra[State[X, *]],
   locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]]
 ) extends AbilitiesAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] {
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AbilitiesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
     GenLens[AbilitiesState[S]](_.stack)
   )
 
-  import stackInt.{getState, mapStackHead, mapStackHeadM, modify, report}
+  import stackInt.*
 
   override def defineService(
     name: NamedTypeToken[S],
@@ -45,10 +45,12 @@ class AbilitiesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
         getState
           .map(_.definitions.get(name.value).exists(_ == name))
           .flatMap(exists =>
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 name,
                 "Service with this name was already defined"
-            ).whenA(!exists)
+              )
+              .whenA(!exists)
           )
           .as(false)
       case false =>
@@ -74,21 +76,23 @@ class AbilitiesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
         abCtx.funcs
           .get(arrow.value)
           .fold(
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 arrow,
                 Levenshtein.genMessage(
                   s"Ability is found, but arrow '${arrow.value}' isn't found in scope",
                   arrow.value,
                   abCtx.funcs.keys.toList
                 )
-            ).as(none)
+              )
+              .as(none)
           ) { fn =>
             // TODO: add name and arrow separately
             // TODO: find tokens somewhere
             addServiceArrowLocation(name, arrow).as(fn.arrow.`type`.some)
           }
       case None =>
-        report(name, "Ability with this name is undefined").as(none)
+        report.error(name, "Ability with this name is undefined").as(none)
     }
 
   override def renameService(name: NamedTypeToken[S]): SX[Option[String]] =
@@ -102,7 +106,7 @@ class AbilitiesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
             .map(newName => h.setServiceRename(name.value, newName) -> newName)
         ).map(_.some)
       case false =>
-        report(name, "Service with this name is not registered").as(none)
+        report.error(name, "Service with this name is not registered").as(none)
     }
 
   override def getServiceRename(name: NamedTypeToken[S]): State[X, Option[String]] =
@@ -111,8 +115,8 @@ class AbilitiesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
       getState.map(_.getServiceRename(name.value))
     ).flatMapN {
       case (true, Some(rename)) => rename.some.pure
-      case (false, _) => report(name, "Service with this name is undefined").as(none)
+      case (false, _) => report.error(name, "Service with this name is undefined").as(none)
-      case (_, None) => report(name, "Service ID is undefined").as(none)
+      case (_, None) => report.error(name, "Service ID is undefined").as(none)
     }
 
   override def beginScope(token: Token[S]): SX[Unit] =

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/definitions/DefinitionsInterpreter.scala

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package aqua.semantics.rules.definitions
 
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{Name, NamedTypeToken, Token}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.StackInterpreter
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.ReportAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.abilities.AbilitiesState
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.{LocationsAlgebra, LocationsState}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.TypesState
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap
 
 class DefinitionsInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
   lens: Lens[X, DefinitionsState[S]],
-  error: ReportErrors[S, X],
+  report: ReportAlgebra[S, State[X, *]],
   locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]]
 ) extends DefinitionsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] {
   type SX[A] = State[X, A]
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ class DefinitionsInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
   private def modify(f: DefinitionsState[S] => DefinitionsState[S]): SX[Unit] =
     State.modify(lens.modify(f))
 
-  def report(t: Token[S], hint: String): SX[Unit] =
-    State.modify(error(_, t, hint :: Nil))
-
   def define(name: Name[S], `type`: Type, defName: String): SX[Boolean] =
     getState.map(_.definitions.get(name.value)).flatMap {
       case None =>
@@ -47,7 +44,8 @@ class DefinitionsInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
         )
           .as(true)
       case Some(_) =>
-        report(name, s"Cannot define $defName `${name.value}`, it was already defined above")
+        report
+          .error(name, s"Cannot define $defName `${name.value}`, it was already defined above")
           .as(false)
     }
 
@@ -82,7 +80,8 @@ class DefinitionsInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
             st.copy(definitions = Map.empty)
           }.as(arrs.some)
         case None =>
-          report(token, "Cannot purge arrows, no arrows provided")
+          report
+            .error(token, "Cannot purge arrows, no arrows provided")
             .as(none)
       }
     }

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/errors/ErrorsAlgebra.scala

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package aqua.semantics.rules.errors
-
-import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
-
-trait ErrorsAlgebra[S[_], Alg[_]] {
-  def report(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): Alg[Unit]
-
-  def report(token: Token[S], hint: String): Alg[Unit] =
-    report(token, hint :: Nil)
-}

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/errors/ReportErrors.scala

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package aqua.semantics.rules.errors
-
-import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
-
-import cats.data.State
-
-trait ReportErrors[S[_], X] extends ErrorsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] {
-  def apply(st: X, token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): X
-
-  def report(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): State[X, Unit] =
-    State.modify(apply(_, token, hints))
-}

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/names/NamesInterpreter.scala

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package aqua.semantics.rules.names
 import aqua.parser.lexer.{Name, Token}
 import aqua.semantics.Levenshtein
 import aqua.semantics.rules.StackInterpreter
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.ReportAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.LocationsAlgebra
 import aqua.types.{AbilityType, ArrowType, StreamType, Type}
 
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import cats.syntax.all.*
 import monocle.Lens
 import monocle.macros.GenLens
 
-class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
+class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
   lens: Lens[X, NamesState[S]],
-  error: ReportErrors[S, X],
+  report: ReportAlgebra[S, State[X, *]],
   locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]]
 ) extends NamesAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] {
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     GenLens[NamesState[S]](_.stack)
   )
 
-  import stackInt.{getState, mapStackHead, mapStackHeadM, mapStackHead_, modify, report}
+  import stackInt.*
 
   type SX[A] = State[X, A]
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       .flatTap {
         case None if mustBeDefined =>
           getState.flatMap(st =>
-            report(
+            report.error(
               name,
               Levenshtein
                 .genMessage(
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
             locations.pointLocation(name.value, name).map(_ => Option(at))
           case _ =>
             getState.flatMap(st =>
-              report(
+              report
+                .error(
                   name,
                   Levenshtein.genMessage(
                     s"Name '${name.value}' not found in scope",
@@ -98,11 +99,11 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       case Some(_) =>
         getState.map(_.definitions.get(name.value).exists(_ == name)).flatMap {
           case true => State.pure(false)
-          case false => report(name, "This name was already defined in the scope").as(false)
+          case false => report.error(name, "This name was already defined in the scope").as(false)
         }
       case None =>
-        mapStackHeadM(report(name, "Cannot define a variable in the root scope").as(false))(fr =>
+        mapStackHeadM(report.error(name, "Cannot define a variable in the root scope").as(false))(
-          (fr.addName(name, `type`) -> true).pure
+          fr => (fr.addName(name, `type`) -> true).pure
         ) <* locations.addToken(name.value, name)
     }
 
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
   override def defineConstant(name: Name[S], `type`: Type): SX[Boolean] =
     readName(name.value).flatMap {
       case Some(_) =>
-        report(name, "This name was already defined in the scope").as(false)
+        report.error(name, "This name was already defined in the scope").as(false)
       case None =>
         modify(st =>
           st.copy(
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       case Some(_) =>
         getState.map(_.definitions.get(name.value).exists(_ == name)).flatMap {
           case true => State.pure(false)
-          case false => report(name, "This arrow was already defined in the scope").as(false)
+          case false => report.error(name, "This arrow was already defined in the scope").as(false)
         }
 
       case None =>
@@ -149,7 +150,8 @@ class NamesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
             )
               .as(true)
           else
-            report(name, "Cannot define a variable in the root scope")
+            report
+              .error(name, "Cannot define a variable in the root scope")
               .as(false)
         )(fr => (fr.addArrow(name, arrowType) -> true).pure)
     }.flatTap(_ => locations.addToken(name.value, name))

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/report/ReportAlgebra.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package aqua.semantics.rules.report
+
+import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
+
+trait ReportAlgebra[S[_], Alg[_]] {
+  def error(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): Alg[Unit]
+
+  def error(token: Token[S], hint: String): Alg[Unit] =
+    error(token, hint :: Nil)
+
+  def warning(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): Alg[Unit]
+
+  def warning(token: Token[S], hint: String): Alg[Unit] =
+    warning(token, hint :: Nil)
+}

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/report/ReportInterpreter.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package aqua.semantics.rules.report
+
+import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
+
+import cats.data.State
+import monocle.Lens
+
+class ReportInterpreter[S[_], X](using
+  lens: Lens[X, ReportState[S]]
+) extends ReportAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] {
+
+  override def error(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): State[X, Unit] =
+    State.modify(
+      lens.modify(
+        _.reportError(token, hints)
+      )
+    )
+
+  override def warning(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): State[X, Unit] =
+    State.modify(
+      lens.modify(
+        _.reportWarning(token, hints)
+      )
+    )
+}

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/report/ReportState.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package aqua.semantics.rules.report
+
+import aqua.semantics.{RulesViolated, SemanticError, SemanticWarning}
+import aqua.parser.lexer.Token
+
+import cats.data.Chain
+import cats.kernel.Monoid
+
+final case class ReportState[S[_]](
+  errors: Chain[SemanticError[S]] = Chain.empty[SemanticError[S]],
+  warnings: Chain[SemanticWarning[S]] = Chain.empty[SemanticWarning[S]]
+) {
+
+  def reportError(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): ReportState[S] =
+    copy(errors = errors.append(RulesViolated(token, hints)))
+
+  def reportWarning(token: Token[S], hints: List[String]): ReportState[S] =
+    copy(warnings = warnings.append(SemanticWarning(token, hints)))
+}
+
+object ReportState {
+
+  given [S[_]]: Monoid[ReportState[S]] with {
+    override val empty: ReportState[S] = ReportState()
+
+    override def combine(x: ReportState[S], y: ReportState[S]): ReportState[S] =
+      ReportState(
+        errors = x.errors ++ y.errors,
+        warnings = x.warnings ++ y.warnings
+      )
+  }
+}

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/types/TypesAlgebra.scala

@@ -61,7 +61,11 @@ trait TypesAlgebra[S[_], Alg[_]] {
     givenType: Type
   ): Alg[Option[Type]]
 
-  def expectNoExport(token: Token[S]): Alg[Unit]
+  def checkArrowCallResults(
+    token: Token[S],
+    arrowType: ArrowType,
+    results: List[Name[S]]
+  ): Alg[Unit]
 
   def checkArgumentsNumber(token: Token[S], expected: Int, givenNum: Int): Alg[Boolean]
 

semantics/src/main/scala/aqua/semantics/rules/types/TypesInterpreter.scala

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import aqua.raw.value.{
 }
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.LocationsAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.StackInterpreter
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.ReportAlgebra
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.TypesStateHelper.{TypeResolution, TypeResolutionError}
 import aqua.types.*
 
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ import monocle.macros.GenLens
 
 import scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap
 
-class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
+class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](using
   lens: Lens[X, TypesState[S]],
-  error: ReportErrors[S, X],
+  report: ReportAlgebra[S, State[X, *]],
   locations: LocationsAlgebra[S, State[X, *]]
 ) extends TypesAlgebra[S, State[X, *]] {
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
         locations.pointLocations(tokensLocs).as(typ.some)
       case None =>
         // TODO: Give more specific error message
-        report(token, s"Unresolved type").as(None)
+        report.error(token, s"Unresolved type").as(None)
     }
 
   override def resolveArrowDef(arrowDef: ArrowTypeToken[S]): State[X, Option[ArrowType]] =
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
         locations.pointLocations(tokensLocs).as(tt.some)
       case Invalid(errs) =>
         errs.traverse_ { case TypeResolutionError(token, hint) =>
-          report(token, hint)
+          report.error(token, hint)
         }.as(none)
     }
 
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       case Some(serviceType: ServiceType) =>
         serviceType.some.pure
       case Some(t) =>
-        report(name, s"Type `$t` is not a service").as(none)
+        report.error(name, s"Type `$t` is not a service").as(none)
       case None =>
-        report(name, s"Type `${name.value}` is not defined").as(none)
+        report.error(name, s"Type `${name.value}` is not defined").as(none)
     }
 
   override def defineAbilityType(
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       val types = fields.view.mapValues { case (_, t) => t }.toMap
       NonEmptyMap
         .fromMap(SortedMap.from(types))
-        .fold(report(name, s"Ability `${name.value}` has no fields").as(none))(nonEmptyFields =>
+        .fold(report.error(name, s"Ability `${name.value}` has no fields").as(none))(
+          nonEmptyFields =>
             val `type` = AbilityType(name.value, nonEmptyFields)
 
             modify(_.defineType(name, `type`)).as(`type`.some)
@@ -104,20 +105,22 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
           OptionT
             .when(t.codomain.length <= 1)(field -> t)
             .flatTapNone(
-              report(fieldName, "Service functions cannot have multiple results")
+              report.error(fieldName, "Service functions cannot have multiple results")
             )
         case (field, (fieldName, t)) =>
           OptionT(
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 fieldName,
                 s"Field '$field' has unacceptable for service field type '$t'"
-            ).as(none)
+              )
+              .as(none)
           )
       }.flatMapF(arrows =>
         NonEmptyMap
           .fromMap(SortedMap.from(arrows))
           .fold(
-            report(name, s"Service `${name.value}` has no fields").as(none)
+            report.error(name, s"Service `${name.value}` has no fields").as(none)
           )(_.some.pure)
       ).semiflatMap(nonEmptyArrows =>
         val `type` = ServiceType(name.value, nonEmptyArrows)
@@ -134,20 +137,23 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       fields.toList.traverse {
         case (field, (fieldName, t: DataType)) =>
           t match {
-            case _: StreamType => report(fieldName, s"Field '$field' has stream type").as(none)
+            case _: StreamType =>
+              report.error(fieldName, s"Field '$field' has stream type").as(none)
             case _ => (field -> t).some.pure[ST]
           }
         case (field, (fieldName, t)) =>
-          report(
+          report
+            .error(
               fieldName,
               s"Field '$field' has unacceptable for struct field type '$t'"
-          ).as(none)
+            )
+            .as(none)
       }.map(_.sequence.map(_.toMap))
         .flatMap(
           _.map(SortedMap.from)
             .flatMap(NonEmptyMap.fromMap)
             .fold(
-              report(name, s"Struct `${name.value}` has no fields").as(none)
+              report.error(name, s"Struct `${name.value}` has no fields").as(none)
             )(nonEmptyFields =>
               val `type` = StructType(name.value, nonEmptyFields)
 
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
   override def defineAlias(name: NamedTypeToken[S], target: Type): State[X, Boolean] =
     getState.map(_.definitions.get(name.value)).flatMap {
       case Some(n) if n == name => State.pure(false)
-      case Some(_) => report(name, s"Type `${name.value}` was already defined").as(false)
+      case Some(_) => report.error(name, s"Type `${name.value}` was already defined").as(false)
       case None =>
         modify(_.defineType(name, target))
           .productL(locations.addToken(name.value, name))
@@ -171,10 +177,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       case nt: NamedType =>
         nt.fields(op.value)
           .fold(
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 op,
                 s"Field `${op.value}` not found in type `${nt.name}`, available: ${nt.fields.toNel.toList.map(_._1).mkString(", ")}"
-            ).as(None)
+              )
+              .as(None)
           ) { t =>
             locations.pointFieldLocation(nt.name, op.value, op).as(Some(IntoFieldRaw(op.value, t)))
           }
@@ -182,10 +190,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
         t.properties
           .get(op.value)
           .fold(
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 op,
                 s"Expected data type to resolve a field '${op.value}' or a type with this property. Got: $rootT"
-            ).as(None)
+              )
+              .as(None)
           )(t => State.pure(Some(FunctorRaw(op.value, t))))
 
     }
@@ -199,10 +209,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     rootT match {
       case AbilityType(name, fieldsAndArrows) =>
         fieldsAndArrows(op.name.value).fold(
-          report(
+          report
+            .error(
               op,
               s"Arrow `${op.name.value}` not found in type `$name`, available: ${fieldsAndArrows.toNel.toList.map(_._1).mkString(", ")}"
-          ).as(None)
+            )
+            .as(None)
         ) { t =>
           val resolvedType = t match {
             // TODO: is it a correct way to resolve `IntoArrow` type?
@@ -217,10 +229,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
         t.properties
           .get(op.name.value)
           .fold(
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 op,
                 s"Expected scope type to resolve an arrow '${op.name.value}' or a type with this property. Got: $rootT"
-            ).as(None)
+              )
+              .as(None)
           )(t => State.pure(Some(FunctorRaw(op.name.value, t))))
 
     }
@@ -238,12 +252,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
           st.fields.lookup(fieldName) match {
             case Some(t) =>
               ensureTypeMatches(op.fields.lookup(fieldName).getOrElse(op), t, value.`type`)
-            case None => report(op, s"No field with name '$fieldName' in $rootT").as(false)
+            case None => report.error(op, s"No field with name '$fieldName' in $rootT").as(false)
           }
         }.map(res => if (res.forall(identity)) Some(IntoCopyRaw(st, fields)) else None)
 
       case _ =>
-        report(op, s"Expected $rootT to be a data type").as(None)
+        report.error(op, s"Expected $rootT to be a data type").as(None)
     }
 
   // TODO actually it's stateless, exists there just for reporting needs
@@ -253,17 +267,17 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     idx: ValueRaw
   ): State[X, Option[PropertyRaw]] =
     if (!ScalarType.i64.acceptsValueOf(idx.`type`))
-      report(op, s"Expected numeric index, got $idx").as(None)
+      report.error(op, s"Expected numeric index, got $idx").as(None)
     else
       rootT match {
         case ot: OptionType =>
           op.idx.fold(
             State.pure(Some(IntoIndexRaw(idx, ot.element)))
-          )(v => report(v, s"Options might have only one element, use ! to get it").as(None))
+          )(v => report.error(v, s"Options might have only one element, use ! to get it").as(None))
         case rt: BoxType =>
           State.pure(Some(IntoIndexRaw(idx, rt.element)))
         case _ =>
-          report(op, s"Expected $rootT to be a collection type").as(None)
+          report.error(op, s"Expected $rootT to be a collection type").as(None)
       }
 
   override def ensureValuesComparable(
@@ -299,7 +313,7 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
       }
 
     if (isComparable(left, right)) State.pure(true)
-    else report(token, s"Cannot compare '$left' with '$right''").as(false)
+    else report.error(token, s"Cannot compare '$left' with '$right''").as(false)
   }
 
   override def ensureTypeMatches(
@@ -315,10 +329,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
           val typeFields = typeNamedType.fields
           // value can have more fields
           if (valueFields.length < typeFields.length) {
-            report(
+            report
+              .error(
                 token,
                 s"Number of fields doesn't match the data type, expected: $expected, given: $givenType"
-            ).as(false)
+              )
+              .as(false)
           } else {
             valueFields.toSortedMap.toList.traverse { (name, `type`) =>
               typeFields.lookup(name) match {
@@ -333,10 +349,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
                   }
                   ensureTypeMatches(nextToken, `type`, t)
                 case None =>
-                  report(
+                  report
+                    .error(
                       token,
                       s"Wrong value type, expected: $expected, given: $givenType"
-                  ).as(false)
+                    )
+                    .as(false)
               }
             }.map(_.forall(identity))
           }
@@ -349,7 +367,8 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
                 "You can extract value with `!`, but be aware it may trigger join behaviour." ::
                 Nil
             else Nil
-          reportError(
+          report
+            .error(
               token,
               "Types mismatch." :: s"expected:   $expected" :: s"given:      $givenType" :: Nil ++ notes
             )
@@ -361,10 +380,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     givenType match {
       case _: DataType => true.pure
       case _ =>
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             token,
             s"Value of type '$givenType' could not be put into a collection"
-        ).as(false)
+          )
+          .as(false)
     }
 
   override def ensureTypeOneOf[T <: Type](
@@ -374,19 +395,46 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
   ): State[X, Option[Type]] = expected
     .find(_ acceptsValueOf givenType)
     .fold(
-      reportError(
+      report
+        .error(
           token,
           "Types mismatch." ::
             s"expected one of:   ${expected.mkString(", ")}" ::
             s"given:             $givenType" :: Nil
-      ).as(none)
+        )
+        .as(none)
     )(_.some.pure)
 
-  override def expectNoExport(token: Token[S]): State[X, Unit] =
+  override def checkArrowCallResults(
-    report(
+    token: Token[S],
+    arrowType: ArrowType,
+    results: List[Name[S]]
+  ): State[X, Unit] = for {
+    _ <- results
+      .drop(arrowType.codomain.length)
+      .traverse_(result =>
+        report
+          .error(
+            result,
+            "Types mismatch. Cannot assign to a variable " +
+              "the result of a call that returns nothing"
+          )
+      )
+    _ <- report
+      .warning(
         token,
-      "Types mismatch. Cannot assign to a variable the result of a call that returns nothing"
+        s"Arrow returns ${arrowType.codomain.length match {
-    ).as(())
+          case 0 => "no values"
+          case 1 => "a value"
+          case i => s"$i values"
+        }} values, but ${results.length match {
+          case 0 => "none are"
+          case 1 => "only one is"
+          case i => s"only $i are"
+        }} used"
+      )
+      .whenA(arrowType.codomain.length > results.length)
+  } yield ()
 
   override def checkArgumentsNumber(
     token: Token[S],
@@ -395,10 +443,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
   ): State[X, Boolean] =
     if (expected == givenNum) State.pure(true)
     else
-      report(
+      report
+        .error(
           token,
           s"Number of arguments doesn't match the function type, expected: ${expected}, given: $givenNum"
-      ).as(false)
+        )
+        .as(false)
 
   override def beginArrowScope(token: ArrowTypeToken[S]): State[X, ArrowType] =
     Applicative[ST]
@@ -434,37 +484,49 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     values: NonEmptyList[(ValueToken[S], ValueRaw)]
   ): State[X, Boolean] =
     mapStackHeadM[Boolean](
-      report(values.head._1, "Fatal: checkArrowReturn has no matching beginArrowScope").as(false)
+      report
+        .error(values.head._1, "Fatal: checkArrowReturn has no matching beginArrowScope")
+        .as(false)
     )(frame =>
       if (frame.retVals.nonEmpty)
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             values.head._1,
             "Return expression was already used in scope; you can use only one Return in an arrow declaration, use conditional return pattern if you need to return based on condition"
-        ).as(frame -> false)
+          )
+          .as(frame -> false)
       else if (frame.token.res.isEmpty)
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             values.head._1,
             "No return type declared for this arrow, please remove `<- ...` expression or add `-> ...` return type(s) declaration to the arrow"
-        ).as(frame -> false)
+          )
+          .as(frame -> false)
       else if (frame.token.res.length > values.length)
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             values.last._1,
             s"Expected ${frame.token.res.length - values.length} more values to be returned, see return type declaration"
-        ).as(frame -> false)
+          )
+          .as(frame -> false)
       else if (frame.token.res.length < values.length)
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             values.toList.drop(frame.token.res.length).headOption.getOrElse(values.last)._1,
             s"Too many values are returned from this arrow, this one is unexpected. Defined return type:  ${frame.arrowType.codomain}"
-        ).as(frame -> false)
+          )
+          .as(frame -> false)
       else
         frame.arrowType.codomain.toList
           .zip(values.toList)
           .traverse { case (returnType, (token, returnValue)) =>
             if (!returnType.acceptsValueOf(returnValue.`type`))
-              report(
+              report
+                .error(
                   token,
                   s"Wrong value type, expected: $returnType, given: ${returnValue.`type`}"
-              ).as(none)
+                )
+                .as(none)
             else returnValue.some.pure[SX]
           }
           .map(_.sequence)
@@ -473,14 +535,16 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
 
   override def endArrowScope(token: Token[S]): State[X, List[ValueRaw]] =
     mapStackHeadM(
-      report(token, "Fatal: endArrowScope has no matching beginArrowScope").as(Nil)
+      report.error(token, "Fatal: endArrowScope has no matching beginArrowScope").as(Nil)
     )(frame =>
       if (frame.token.res.isEmpty) (frame -> Nil).pure
       else if (frame.retVals.isEmpty)
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             frame.token.res.headOption.getOrElse(frame.token),
             "Return type is defined for the arrow, but nothing returned. Use `<- value, ...` as the last expression inside function body."
-        ).as(frame -> Nil)
+          )
+          .as(frame -> Nil)
       else (frame -> frame.retVals.getOrElse(Nil)).pure
     ) <* stack.endScope
 
@@ -495,10 +559,12 @@ class TypesInterpreter[S[_], X](implicit
     .flatMap {
       case Some(_) =>
         // TODO: Point to both locations here
-        report(
+        report
+          .error(
             token,
             s"Name `${name}` was already defined here"
-        ).as(ifDefined)
+          )
+          .as(ifDefined)
       case None => ifNotDefined
     }
 }

semantics/src/test/scala/aqua/semantics/SemanticsSpec.scala

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ import org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec
 import org.scalatest.matchers.should.Matchers
 import org.scalatest.Inside
 import cats.~>
-import cats.data.Chain
+import cats.data.{Chain, EitherNec, NonEmptyChain}
-import cats.data.NonEmptyChain
 import cats.syntax.show.*
 import cats.syntax.traverse.*
 import cats.syntax.foldable.*
@@ -32,20 +31,30 @@ class SemanticsSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers with Inside {
 
   val semantics = new RawSemantics[Span.S]()
 
-  def insideBody(script: String)(test: RawTag.Tree => Any): Unit =
+  def insideResult(script: String)(
-    inside(parser(script)) { case Validated.Valid(ast) =>
+    test: PartialFunction[
+      (
+        Chain[SemanticWarning[Span.S]],
+        EitherNec[SemanticError[Span.S], RawContext]
+      ),
+      Any
+    ]
+  ): Unit = inside(parser(script)) { case Validated.Valid(ast) =>
     val init = RawContext.blank
-      inside(semantics.process(ast, init)) { case Validated.Valid(ctx) =>
+    inside(semantics.process(ast, init).value.run)(test)
+  }
+
+  def insideBody(script: String)(test: RawTag.Tree => Any): Unit =
+    insideResult(script) { case (_, Right(ctx)) =>
       inside(ctx.funcs.headOption) { case Some((_, func)) =>
         test(func.arrow.body)
       }
     }
-    }
 
   def insideSemErrors(script: String)(test: NonEmptyChain[SemanticError[Span.S]] => Any): Unit =
     inside(parser(script)) { case Validated.Valid(ast) =>
       val init = RawContext.blank
-      inside(semantics.process(ast, init)) { case Validated.Invalid(errors) =>
+      inside(semantics.process(ast, init).value.value) { case Left(errors) =>
         test(errors)
       }
     }
@@ -648,4 +657,21 @@ class SemanticsSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers with Inside {
       atLeast(1, errors.toChain.toList) shouldBe a[RulesViolated[Span.S]]
     }
   }
+
+  it should "produce warning on unused call results" in {
+    val script = """|func test() -> string, string:
+                    |  stream: *string
+                    |  stream <<- "a"
+                    |  stream <<- "b"
+                    |  <- stream[0], stream[1]
+                    |
+                    |func main() -> string:
+                    |  a <- test()
+                    |  <- a
+                    |""".stripMargin
+
+    insideResult(script) { case (warnings, Right(_)) =>
+      warnings.exists(_.hints.exists(_.contains("used"))) should be(true)
+    }
+  }
 }

semantics/src/test/scala/aqua/semantics/Utils.scala

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import aqua.parser.lexer.{Name, Token}
 import aqua.parser.lift.Span
 import aqua.raw.{Raw, RawContext}
 import aqua.semantics.expr.func.ClosureSem
-import aqua.semantics.rules.errors.ReportErrors
 import aqua.semantics.rules.abilities.{AbilitiesAlgebra, AbilitiesInterpreter, AbilitiesState}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.{DummyLocationsInterpreter, LocationsAlgebra}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.names.{NamesAlgebra, NamesInterpreter, NamesState}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.{TypesAlgebra, TypesInterpreter, TypesState}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.{ManglerAlgebra, ManglerInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.{ReportAlgebra, ReportInterpreter}
 import aqua.types.*
 
 import cats.data.State
@@ -17,11 +18,12 @@ import cats.{~>, Id}
 import monocle.Lens
 import monocle.macros.GenLens
 import monocle.syntax.all.*
-import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.ManglerAlgebra
-import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.ManglerInterpreter
 
 object Utils {
 
+  given ReportAlgebra[Id, State[CompilerState[Id], *]] =
+    new ReportInterpreter[Id, CompilerState[Id]]
+
   given ManglerAlgebra[State[CompilerState[Id], *]] =
     new ManglerInterpreter[CompilerState[Id]]
 

semantics/src/test/scala/aqua/semantics/ValuesAlgebraSpec.scala

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import aqua.semantics.rules.definitions.{DefinitionsAlgebra, DefinitionsInterpre
 import aqua.semantics.rules.types.{TypesAlgebra, TypesInterpreter, TypesState}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.locations.{DummyLocationsInterpreter, LocationsAlgebra}
 import aqua.semantics.rules.mangler.{ManglerAlgebra, ManglerInterpreter}
+import aqua.semantics.rules.report.{ReportAlgebra, ReportInterpreter}
 import aqua.raw.value.{ApplyBinaryOpRaw, LiteralRaw}
 import aqua.raw.RawContext
 import aqua.types.*
@@ -32,9 +33,10 @@ class ValuesAlgebraSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers with Inside {
   def algebra() = {
     type Interpreter[A] = State[TestState, A]
 
+    given ReportAlgebra[Id, Interpreter] =
+      new ReportInterpreter[Id, CompilerState[Id]]
     given LocationsAlgebra[Id, Interpreter] =
       new DummyLocationsInterpreter[Id, CompilerState[Id]]
-
     given ManglerAlgebra[Interpreter] =
       new ManglerInterpreter[CompilerState[Id]]
     given TypesAlgebra[Id, Interpreter] =

utils/constants/src/main/scala/aqua.constants/Constants.scala

@@ -4,26 +4,20 @@ import aqua.parser.expr.ConstantExpr
 import aqua.raw.ConstantRaw
 import aqua.raw.value.LiteralRaw
 
-import cats.data.{NonEmptyList, Validated, ValidatedNel}
+import cats.data.{NonEmptyList, Validated, ValidatedNec}
+import cats.syntax.traverse.*
+import cats.syntax.either.*
 
 object Constants {
 
-  def parse(strs: List[String]): ValidatedNel[String, List[ConstantRaw]] = {
+  def parse(strs: List[String]): ValidatedNec[String, List[ConstantRaw]] =
-    val parsed = strs.map(s => ConstantExpr.onlyLiteral.parseAll(s))
+    strs.traverse(s =>
-
+      ConstantExpr.onlyLiteral
-    val errors = parsed.zip(strs).collect { case (Left(_), str) =>
+        .parseAll(s)
-      str
+        .leftMap(_ => s"Invalid constant definition '$s'.")
-    }
+        .toValidatedNec
-
+        .map { case (name, literal) =>
-    NonEmptyList
+          ConstantRaw(name.value, LiteralRaw(literal.value, literal.ts), false)
-      .fromList(errors)
-      .fold(
-        Validated.validNel[String, List[ConstantRaw]](parsed.collect { case Right(v) =>
-          ConstantRaw(v._1.value, LiteralRaw(v._2.value, v._2.ts), false)
-        })
-      ) { errors =>
-        val errorMsgs = errors.map(str => s"Invalid constant definition '$str'.")
-        Validated.invalid(errorMsgs)
-      }
         }
+    )
 }

utils/logging/src/main/scala/aqua/logging/LogLevels.scala

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package aqua.logging
 import cats.syntax.option.*
 import cats.syntax.either.*
 import cats.syntax.foldable.*
-import cats.data.Validated.{invalidNel, validNel}
+import cats.syntax.validated.*
-import cats.data.{NonEmptyList, Validated, ValidatedNel}
+import cats.data.Validated.*
+import cats.data.{NonEmptyList, Validated, ValidatedNec}
 import scribe.Level
 
 case class LogLevels(
@@ -20,10 +21,10 @@ object LogLevels {
 
   def apply(level: Level): LogLevels = LogLevels(level, level, level)
 
-  def levelFromString(s: String): ValidatedNel[String, Level] =
+  def levelFromString(s: String): ValidatedNec[String, Level] =
     LogLevel.stringToLogLevel
       .get(s.toLowerCase.trim())
-      .toValidNel(s"Invalid log-level '$s'. $logHelpMessage")
+      .toValidNec(s"Invalid log-level '$s'. $logHelpMessage")
 
   lazy val error =
     s"Invalid log-level format. $logHelpMessage"
@@ -32,17 +33,17 @@ object LogLevels {
     name: String,
     level: String,
     logLevels: LogLevels
-  ): Validated[NonEmptyList[String], LogLevels] = {
+  ): ValidatedNec[String, LogLevels] = {
     levelFromString(level).andThen { level =>
       name.trim().toLowerCase() match {
         case "compiler" =>
-          validNel(logLevels.copy(compiler = level))
+          logLevels.copy(compiler = level).validNec
         case "fluencejs" =>
-          validNel(logLevels.copy(fluencejs = level))
+          logLevels.copy(fluencejs = level).validNec
         case "aquavm" =>
-          validNel(logLevels.copy(aquavm = level))
+          logLevels.copy(aquavm = level).validNec
         case s =>
-          invalidNel(
+          invalidNec(
             s"Unknown component '$s' in log-level. Please use one of these: 'aquavm', 'compiler' and 'fluencejs'"
           )
       }
@@ -51,14 +52,14 @@ object LogLevels {
 
   // Format: '<log-level>' or 'compiler=<log-level>,fluencejs=<log-level>,aquavm=<log-level>',
   // where <log-level> is one of these strings: 'all', 'trace', 'debug', 'info', 'warn', 'error', 'off'
-  def fromString(s: String): ValidatedNel[String, LogLevels] =
+  def fromString(s: String): ValidatedNec[String, LogLevels] =
     s.split(",")
       .toList
       .foldLeftM(LogLevels()) { case (levels, level) =>
         level.split("=").toList match {
           case n :: l :: Nil => fromStrings(n, l, levels).toEither
           case l :: Nil => levelFromString(l).map(apply).toEither
-          case _ => invalidNel(error).toEither
+          case _ => error.invalidNec.toEither
         }
       }
       .toValidated